nihilism
의미: The philosophical belief that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value; the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often accompanied by the view that nothing in the world has real existence.
Nihilism is most strongly associated with Friedrich Nietzsche, who diagnosed it as a crisis of values in modern civilisation following the 'death of God.' However, Nietzsche saw nihilism as a problem to be overcome rather than embraced. In everyday usage, calling someone a nihilist suggests they believe in nothing and reject all values — often used pejoratively. Existential nihilism (life has no meaning) and moral nihilism (no moral truths exist) are common subtypes discussed in philosophy.
예문
- Nietzsche warned that the decline of religious belief would lead to nihilism — a crisis of meaning in which all traditional values lose their authority. 尼采警告说,宗教信仰的衰落将导致虚无主义——一种一切传统价值观丧失权威的意义危机。Nietzsche advirtió de que el declive de la fe religiosa llevaría al nihilismo, una crisis de sentido en la que todos los valores tradicionales pierden su autoridad.ニーチェは、宗教的信仰の衰退がニヒリズム——あらゆる伝統的価値観がその権威を失う意味の危機——をもたらすと警告した。니체는 종교적 믿음의 쇠퇴가 니힐리즘——모든 전통적 가치관이 그 권위를 상실하는 의미의 위기——을 초래할 것이라고 경고했다.
- The novel's protagonist descends into nihilism, concluding that nothing he does matters and that all human endeavour is ultimately pointless. 小说的主人公陷入虚无主义,得出结论认为他所做的一切都不重要,人类的一切努力终究毫无意义。El protagonista de la novela se hunde en el nihilismo, concluyendo que nada de lo que hace importa y que todo esfuerzo humano es en última instancia fútil.小説の主人公はニヒリズムに陥り、自分のすることは何ひとつ重要ではなく、人間のあらゆる営みは究極的には無意味であると結論づける。소설의 주인공은 니힐리즘에 빠져, 자신이 하는 일은 아무것도 중요하지 않으며 인간의 모든 노력은 궁극적으로 무의미하다고 결론짓는다.
- Critics accused the punk movement of nihilism, though its adherents argued they were rejecting hypocrisy rather than meaning itself. 批评者指责朋克运动是虚无主义,尽管其追随者辩称他们是在拒绝虚伪而不是拒绝意义本身。Los críticos acusaron al movimiento punk de nihilismo, si bien sus seguidores argumentaban que rechazaban la hipocresía, no el sentido en sí.批評家たちはパンクムーブメントをニヒリズムだと非難したが、その支持者たちは意味そのものではなく偽善を拒絶しているのだと主張した。비평가들은 펑크 운동을 니힐리즘이라고 비난했지만, 그 지지자들은 의미 자체가 아니라 위선을 거부하는 것이라고 주장했다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic, media
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin nihil (nothing) and -ism. The term was popularised in the 19th century, notably by Ivan Turgenev in his novel 'Fathers and Sons' (1862) and by Friedrich Nietzsche in his philosophical works.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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