negligence
의미: Failure to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person would in the same circumstances, resulting in harm to another; carelessness or lack of proper attention.
In English tort law, negligence requires four elements: a duty of care, a breach of that duty, causation, and resulting damage. The landmark case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) established the modern 'neighbour principle' in English negligence law. The adjective 'negligent' and adverb 'negligently' are common derivatives. Common collocations include 'clinical negligence,' 'gross negligence,' 'contributory negligence,' and 'negligence claim.'
예문
- The hospital was sued for clinical negligence after a surgical error left the patient permanently disabled. 该医院因手术失误致使患者永久残疾而被以医疗过失起诉。El hospital fue demandado por negligencia clínica después de que un error quirúrgico dejase al paciente con una discapacidad permanente.その病院は手術ミスにより患者に永久的な障害を負わせたとして、医療過失で訴えられた。그 병원은 수술 실수로 환자에게 영구적 장애를 초래한 의료 과실로 소송을 당했다.
- The driver was found to have been grossly negligent in causing the accident. 该驾驶员被认定在造成事故方面存在重大过失。Se determinó que el conductor había actuado con negligencia grave al causar el accidente.その運転者は事故を引き起こした点で重大な過失があったと認定された。그 운전자는 사고를 일으킨 데 있어 중대한 과실이 있었다고 인정되었다.
- Contributory negligence on the part of the claimant reduced the damages awarded by forty per cent. 由于原告存在共同过失,判定赔偿金额减少百分之四十。La concurrencia de culpa por parte del demandante redujo la indemnización concedida en un cuarenta por ciento.原告側の過失相殺により、認定された損害賠償額は40パーセント減額された。원고 측의 과실 상계로 인해 인정된 손해배상액이 40퍼센트 감액되었다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: professional, academic, media
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin negligentia (carelessness, heedlessness), from neglegere (to disregard, neglect), composed of nec- (not) + legere (to pick up, select). Entered English in the 14th century via Old French.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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