hydrolysis
의미: A chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by its reaction with water, splitting into two or more new substances.
Hydrolysis is one of the most important reactions in chemistry and biology. In digestion, enzymes catalyse the hydrolysis of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into their component parts. In industry, hydrolysis is used to break down cellulose, produce soaps from fats (saponification), and manufacture various chemicals. 'Acid hydrolysis,' 'enzymatic hydrolysis,' 'hydrolysis reaction,' and 'hydrolysis of proteins' are standard collocations. The reverse of hydrolysis — condensation — joins molecules together with the release of water.
예문
- The hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase is the first stage of carbohydrate digestion. 唾液淀粉酶对淀粉的水解是碳水化合物消化的第一步。La hidrólisis del almidón por la amilasa salival es la primera etapa de la digestión de los hidratos de carbono.唾液アミラーゼによるデンプンの加水分解は、炭水化物消化の最初の段階である。타액 아밀라아제에 의한 전분의 가수분해는 탄수화물 소화의 첫 번째 단계이다.
- Acid hydrolysis of cellulose can break the polymer down into its constituent glucose units. 纤维素的酸水解可以将该聚合物分解为其组成葡萄糖单元。La hidrólisis ácida de la celulosa puede descomponer el polímero en sus unidades constituyentes de glucosa.セルロースの酸加水分解によって、そのポリマーを構成するグルコース単位に分解することができる。셀룰로스의 산 가수분해를 통해 고분자를 구성 단위인 포도당으로 분해할 수 있다.
- The industrial hydrolysis of fats produces glycerol and fatty acids, the raw materials for soap manufacture. 脂肪的工业水解产生甘油和脂肪酸,它们是制造肥皂的原料。La hidrólisis industrial de las grasas produce glicerol y ácidos grasos, materias primas para la fabricación de jabón.脂肪の工業的加水分解はグリセロールと脂肪酸を生成し、これらは石けん製造の原料となる。지방의 산업적 가수분해는 글리세롤과 지방산을 생성하며, 이는 비누 제조의 원료가 된다.
발음
사용 가이드
맥락: academic, professional
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Greek hydro- (water) + lysis (loosening, decomposition). Coined in the 19th century to describe the specific chemical decomposition caused by the addition of water.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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