fermions
의미: A class of subatomic particles that obey Fermi-Dirac statistics and have half-integer spin values. Fermions include quarks and leptons — the fundamental constituents of matter, including electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Fermions are the 'matter particles' of the universe, contrasting with bosons, which carry forces. The Pauli exclusion principle dictates that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously — this is why electrons arrange themselves in distinct shells around an atom and why matter has the structure it does. The term appears in particle physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum computing. Outside specialist contexts, it is encountered mainly in popular science writing.
예문
- All matter in the visible universe is composed of fermions — quarks and leptons bound together by force-carrying bosons. 可见宇宙中的所有物质都由费米子——夸克和轻子——组成,由传递力的玻色子结合在一起。Toda la materia del universo visible está compuesta por fermiones — quarks y leptones unidos por bosones portadores de fuerza.可視宇宙のすべての物質は、力を伝えるボソンによって結合されたフェルミオン——クォークとレプトン——で構成されている。가시 우주의 모든 물질은 페르미온—쿼크와 렙톤—으로 구성되어 있으며, 힘을 매개하는 보손에 의해 결합되어 있다.
- The Pauli exclusion principle, which governs fermion behaviour, explains why atoms have distinct electron shells. 支配费米子行为的泡利不相容原理解释了为什么原子具有不同的电子壳层。El principio de exclusión de Pauli, que rige el comportamiento de los fermiones, explica por qué los átomos poseen capas electrónicas diferenciadas.フェルミオンの振る舞いを支配するパウリの排他原理が、原子に異なる電子殻がある理由を説明する。페르미온의 거동을 지배하는 파울리 배타 원리가 원자에 서로 다른 전자 껍질이 존재하는 이유를 설명한다.
- Researchers are investigating the behaviour of fermions in ultra-cold atomic gases to simulate conditions found in neutron stars. 研究人员正在研究超冷原子气体中费米子的行为,以模拟中子星中存在的条件。Los investigadores están estudiando el comportamiento de los fermiones en gases atómicos ultrafrïos para simular las condiciones presentes en las estrellas de neutrones.研究者たちは、中性子星の条件をシミュレートするため、超低温の原子ガス中でのフェルミオンの振る舞いを調べている。연구자들은 중성자별의 조건을 시뮬레이션하기 위해 초저온 원자 기체에서의 페르미온 거동을 조사하고 있다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: scientific, academic
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
Named after the Italian-American physicist Enrico Fermi, who developed the statistical framework describing these particles in 1926. The -on suffix follows the standard particle naming convention.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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