existentialist
의미: A person who subscribes to existentialism, the philosophical movement emphasising individual freedom, choice, and personal responsibility in a universe without inherent meaning.
Existentialist is most closely associated with Sartre, Camus, and de Beauvoir, and carries a distinctly mid-20th-century intellectual flavour. In casual use, it sometimes loosely describes anyone grappling with questions of meaning and mortality. British journalists occasionally use 'existential' as an adjective meaning 'threatening one's very existence' (an existential crisis), which is related but distinct from the philosophical tradition.
예문
- The playwright's bleak vision of human isolation marked her out as a distinctly existentialist voice. 这位剧作家对人类孤独的凄凉描绘使她成为一个鲜明的存在主义者的声音。La visión desoladora de la dramaturga sobre el aislamiento humano la distinguió como una voz claramente existencialista.その劇作家の人間の孤立に対する荒涼としたビジョンは、彼女を際立った実存主義者の声として位置づけた。그 극작가의 인간 고립에 대한 황량한 비전은 그녀를 뚜렷한 실존주의적 목소리로 자리매김시켰다.
- Existentialist philosophy holds that existence precedes essence — we are not born with a fixed nature. 存在主义哲学认为存在先于本质——我们并非生来就拥有固定的本性。La filosofía existencialista sostiene que la existencia precede a la esencia: no nacemos con una naturaleza fija.実存主義哲学は、実存は本質に先立つ――私たちは固定された本性を持って生まれてくるのではない、と主張する。실존주의 철학은 실존이 본질에 선행한다고 주장한다 — 우리는 고정된 본성을 갖고 태어나는 것이 아니다.
- His memoirs read like an existentialist novel, full of anguished choices and moral ambiguity. 他的回忆录读起来像一部存在主义小说,充满了痛苦的选择和道德上的模糊。Sus memorias se leen como una novela existencialista, llenas de elecciones angustiosas y ambigüedad moral.彼の回想録は実存主義小説のように読め、苦悩に満ちた選択と道徳的曖昧さに溢れていた。그의 회고록은 고뇌에 찬 선택과 도덕적 모호함으로 가득한 실존주의 소설처럼 읽혔다.
발음
사용 가이드
맥락: academic, journalism
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From French existentialiste, coined in the 1940s from existentiel, ultimately from Latin existere (to come into being, appear), from ex- (out) + sistere (to stand). Popularised by Sartre, who initially resisted but later embraced the label.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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