endothermic
의미: Describing a chemical reaction or process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, resulting in a decrease in the temperature of the immediate environment.
Endothermic reactions are the opposite of exothermic ones: they require energy input to proceed. Familiar examples include the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water (used in instant cold packs), photosynthesis, and the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. In an endothermic reaction, the products have more energy than the reactants, meaning the enthalpy change (ΔH) is positive. The concept is fundamental to thermochemistry and appears in every GCSE and A-level chemistry syllabus. In biology, 'endothermic' also describes warm-blooded animals that generate their own body heat.
예문
- The dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is an endothermic process, which is why the beaker feels noticeably cold to the touch. 硝酸铵溶解在水中是一个吸热过程,这就是为什么烧杯摸起来明显感到冰冷。La disolución del nitrato de amonio en agua es un proceso endotérmico, razón por la cual el vaso de precipitados se siente notablemente frío al tacto.硝酸アンモニウムの水への溶解は吸熱プロセスであり、そのためビーカーに触れると明らかに冷たく感じる。질산암모늄의 물에 대한 용해는 흡열 과정이며, 그래서 비커를 만지면 눈에 띄게 차갑게 느껴진다.
- Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction in which plants absorb light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. 光合作用是一种吸热反应,植物吸收光能将二氧化碳和水转化为葡萄糖和氧气。La fotosíntesis es una reacción endotérmica en la que las plantas absorben energía luminosa para convertir el dióxido de carbono y el agua en glucosa y oxígeno.光合成は吸熱反応であり、植物は光エネルギーを吸収して二酸化炭素と水をブドウ糖と酸素に変換する。광합성은 식물이 빛 에너지를 흡수하여 이산화탄소와 물을 포도당과 산소로 전환하는 흡열 반응이다.
- Students were asked to draw an energy profile diagram for an endothermic reaction, showing the energy of the products above that of the reactants. 学生们被要求绘制吸热反应的能量变化图,显示生成物的能量高于反应物。Se pidió a los estudiantes que dibujasen un diagrama de perfil energético para una reacción endotérmica, mostrando la energía de los productos por encima de la de los reactivos.学生たちは吸熱反応のエネルギープロフィール図を描き、生成物のエネルギーが反応物のそれより高いことを示すよう求められた。학생들은 흡열 반응의 에너지 프로필 다이어그램을 그려 생성물의 에너지가 반응물보다 높음을 나타내도록 요구받았다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: science, education, academic
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Greek endon (within) and thermē (heat). Coined in the mid-19th century to describe reactions that take in heat, contrasting with 'exothermic' (giving out heat).
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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