determinism
의미: The philosophical doctrine that all events, including human actions and decisions, are ultimately determined by prior causes, leaving no room for genuine free will.
Determinism is a central topic in philosophy of mind, ethics, and physics. Hard determinism argues that free will is an illusion, while compatibilism (soft determinism) holds that free will and determinism can coexist. Genetic determinism and environmental determinism are variants that attribute human behaviour primarily to genes or surroundings respectively. The debate has practical implications for criminal justice, moral responsibility, and psychology.
예문
- If hard determinism is true, then punishing criminals for their actions becomes philosophically problematic. 如果硬决定论是正确的,那么因犯罪行为惩罚罪犯在哲学上就会成问题。Si el determinismo duro es cierto, castigar a los delincuentes por sus actos se vuelve filosóficamente problemático.もし強い決定論が正しいのであれば、犯罪者をその行為によって罰することは哲学的に問題を孕むことになります。만약 강한 결정론이 참이라면, 범죄자를 그 행위에 대해 처벌하는 것은 철학적으로 문제가 된다.
- Genetic determinism has been criticised for oversimplifying the relationship between genes and behaviour. 基因决定论因过度简化基因与行为之间的关系而受到批评。El determinismo genético ha sido criticado por simplificar en exceso la relación entre genes y comportamiento.遺伝子決定論は、遺伝子と行動の関係を過度に単純化しているとして批判されてきました。유전자 결정론은 유전자와 행동의 관계를 지나치게 단순화한다는 비판을 받아왔다.
- The debate between determinism and free will has occupied philosophers for centuries without resolution. 决定论与自由意志之间的争论已困扰哲学家数百年而未获解决。El debate entre determinismo y libre albedrío ha ocupado a los filósofos durante siglos sin resolución.決定論と自由意志の間の論争は、何世紀にもわたって哲学者を悩ませてきましたが、いまだ解決されていません。결정론과 자유의지 사이의 논쟁은 수세기 동안 철학자들을 괴롭혀 왔지만, 여전히 해결되지 않고 있다.
발음
사용 가이드
맥락: academic
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin determinare (to set bounds to, to limit), combining de- (completely) and terminare (to set limits), from terminus (boundary). The philosophical usage emerged in the 19th century.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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