contradiction
의미: A situation in which two statements, ideas, or features are mutually incompatible. In logic, a proposition that is false under every possible interpretation.
Contradiction operates at multiple registers. In everyday discourse, it flags hypocrisy or inconsistency — a politician who preaches austerity while claiming lavish expenses is a walking contradiction. In formal logic, a contradiction (such as 'P and not P') is always false, the polar opposite of a tautology. In dialectical philosophy, particularly in Hegel and Marx, contradiction is a driving force of historical change, not merely an error. The phrase 'contradiction in terms' describes an oxymoron or inherently self-defeating concept.
예문
- The witness's testimony was riddled with contradictions that the defence barrister was quick to exploit. 証人的证词充满了矛盾,辩护律师迅速加以利用。El testimonio del testigo estaba plagado de contradicciones que el abogado defensor no tardó en explotar.証人の証言は矛盾だらけであり、弁護側の法廷弁護士はすぐさまそれを突いた。증인의 증언은 모순투성이였으며, 변호 측 법정변호사는 이를 재빨리 파고들었다.
- In propositional logic, a contradiction is a statement that evaluates to false regardless of the truth values assigned to its variables. 在命题逻辑中,矛盾是指无论其变量被赋予什么真值,该陈述都为假。En lógica proposicional, una contradicción es un enunciado que resulta falso independientemente de los valores de verdad asignados a sus variables.命題論理学において、矛盾とは変数にどのような真理値を代入しても偽と評価される文のことである。명제논리학에서 모순이란 변수에 어떤 진리값을 대입해도 거짓으로 평가되는 명제이다.
- Critics pointed to the fundamental contradiction between the government's pledge to cut emissions and its approval of new North Sea drilling licences. 批评者指出了政府减排承诺与批准北海新钻探许可之间的根本矛盾。Los críticos señalaron la contradicción fundamental entre el compromiso del gobierno de reducir las emisiones y la aprobación de nuevas licencias de perforación en el mar del Norte.批評家たちは、排出削減を約束する政府と北海での新規掘削許可を承認する政府との間にある根本的な矛盾を指摘した。비평가들은 배출 감축을 약속하는 정부와 북해의 신규 시추 허가를 승인하는 정부 사이의 근본적 모순을 지적했다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic, journalism, general
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin contradictionem, from contradicere (to speak against), from contra- (against) + dicere (to speak). Entered English in the 14th century via Old French.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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