conditioning
의미: The process of training or accustoming a person or animal to behave in a certain way in response to specific stimuli or circumstances.
In psychology, conditioning is divided into classical conditioning (Pavlov's dogs learning to salivate at the sound of a bell) and operant conditioning (learning through rewards and punishments, developed by B.F. Skinner). The term is also used more broadly to describe social or cultural conditioning — the way upbringing and environment shape beliefs and behaviours.
예문
- Pavlov's experiments demonstrated classical conditioning by associating a bell with food until dogs salivated at the sound alone. 巴甫洛夫的实验通过将铃声与食物联系起来,证明了经典条件反射,直到狗仅凭铃声就会分泌唾液。Los experimentos de Pávlov demostraron el condicionamiento clásico al asociar una campana con la comida hasta que los perros salivaban solo con el sonido.パブロフの実験は、犬がベルの音だけで唾液を分泌するようになるまで、ベルと食物を結びつけることで古典的条件づけを実証した。파블로프의 실험은 개가 종소리만으로도 침을 흘리게 될 때까지 종소리와 음식을 연결시킴으로써 고전적 조건화를 입증했다.
- Years of social conditioning had taught her to suppress her emotions rather than express them openly. 多年的社会条件作用教会了她压抑而非公开表达自己的情感。Años de condicionamiento social le habían enseñado a reprimir sus emociones en lugar de expresarlas abiertamente.長年の社会的条件づけにより、彼女は感情を率直に表現するのではなく抑え込むことを学んでいた。오랜 사회적 조건화로 인해 그녀는 감정을 솔직하게 표현하기보다 억누르는 법을 배우게 되었다.
- The athlete's physical conditioning programme included strength training, flexibility work, and endurance exercises. 该运动员的体能训练计划包括力量训练、柔韧性练习和耐力训练。El programa de acondicionamiento físico del atleta incluía entrenamiento de fuerza, trabajo de flexibilidad y ejercicios de resistencia.そのアスリートのフィジカルコンディショニングプログラムには、筋力トレーニング、柔軟性のトレーニング、持久力トレーニングが含まれていた。그 선수의 신체 컨디셔닝 프로그램에는 근력 훈련, 유연성 훈련, 지구력 훈련이 포함되어 있었다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic, general, professional
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin condicio (agreement, situation), from condicere (to talk together). The psychological sense was established by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson in the early 20th century.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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