cognate
의미: A word in one language that shares a common etymological origin with a word in another language, often having a similar form and meaning.
Cognates are valuable for language learners because they provide recognisable bridges between languages. For example, English 'night' and German 'Nacht' are cognates descended from the same Proto-Germanic root. However, 'false cognates' (or 'false friends') can mislead learners: the Spanish 'embarazada' looks like 'embarrassed' but actually means 'pregnant.' In broader usage, cognate can describe anything related by origin.
예문
- The English word 'father' and the German word 'Vater' are cognates that share a common Indo-European root. 英语的'father'和德语的'Vater'是共享一个共同印欧语根的同源词。La palabra inglesa 'father' y la alemana 'Vater' son cognados que comparten una raíz indoeuropea común.英語の「father」とドイツ語の「Vater」は、共通のインド・ヨーロッパ祖語の語根を持つ同根語である。영어의 'father'와 독일어의 'Vater'는 공통의 인도유럽 조어 어근을 가진 동계어이다.
- Language teachers often begin by pointing out cognates to help students build confidence with new vocabulary. 语言教师常常先指出同源词,以帮助学生建立对新词汇的信心。Los profesores de idiomas suelen empezar señalando los cognados para ayudar a los estudiantes a ganar confianza con el nuevo vocabulario.語学教師はしばしば同根語を指摘することから始め、学生が新しい語彙に自信を持てるようにする。어학 교사는 학생들이 새로운 어휘에 자신감을 갖도록 먼저 동계어를 지적하는 것에서 시작하는 경우가 많다.
- Beware of false cognates when learning French, as 'actuellement' means 'currently' rather than 'actually. 学习法语时要小心假同源词,因为'actuellement'意为'目前'而非'实际上'。Cuidado con los falsos cognados al estudiar francés, pues 'actuellement' significa 'actualmente' y no 'actually.フランス語を学ぶ際には偽の同根語に注意が必要である。「actuellement」は「actually」ではなく「currently(現在は)」を意味する。프랑스어를 배울 때는 거짓 동계어에 주의해야 한다. 'actuellement'는 'actually(실제로)'가 아니라 'currently(현재)'를 의미한다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic, professional
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From Latin cognatus (born together, related by blood), from co- (together) and gnatus, past participle of gnasci (to be born). Used in linguistics since the late 18th century.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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