cartel
의미: An association of companies or producers that agree to fix prices, limit production, or divide markets among themselves to reduce competition.
Cartels are typically illegal under competition law because they harm consumers by keeping prices artificially high. Famous examples include OPEC (oil-producing nations) and various price-fixing scandals in industries like pharmaceuticals and construction. The word is also used for drug trafficking organisations, particularly in Latin America.
예문
- The European Commission fined the cartel members a total of four hundred million euros for price fixing. 欧盟委员会因价格操纵对该卡特尔成员共计罚款四亿欧元。La Comisión Europea impuso una multa de cuatrocientos millones de euros a los miembros del cártel por fijación de precios.欧州委員会はカルテルのメンバーに価格操作を理由に合計4億ユーロの罰金を科した。유럽위원회는 카르텔 구성원들에게 가격 담합을 이유로 총 4억 유로의 벌금을 부과했다.
- OPEC is sometimes described as a cartel that controls global oil supply. 欧佩克有时被称为控制全球石油供应的卡特尔。La OPEP se describe en ocasiones como un cártel que controla el suministro mundial de petróleo.OPECは世界の石油供給を支配するカルテルと形容されることがある。OPEC은 세계 석유 공급을 통제하는 카르텔로 묘사되기도 한다.
- Several construction firms were found to be operating as a cartel to rig public tender bids. 数家建筑公司被发现组成卡特尔操纵公共招标。Se descubrió que varias empresas constructoras operaban como un cártel para amañar licitaciones públicas.複数の建設会社が公共入札を不正操作するカルテルを形成していたことが判明した。여러 건설 회사가 공공 입찰을 조작하는 카르텔을 운영해 온 것이 밝혀졌다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: professional, media
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From German Kartell, from French cartel, from Italian cartello (a placard, challenge), diminutive of carta (card, paper), from Latin charta (paper). The economic sense developed in the late 19th century.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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