behaviourist
의미: Relating to behaviourism, the psychological theory that all behaviour is learned through interaction with the environment and can be studied through observable actions rather than internal mental states.
Behaviourism, pioneered by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, dominated psychology in the early to mid-20th century. It holds that behaviour is shaped by stimuli and responses, rewards and punishments — a process known as conditioning. In education, behaviourist approaches include drill-and-practice exercises, positive reinforcement, and clear reward systems. While largely superseded by cognitive and constructivist approaches, behaviourist principles remain influential in areas such as classroom management and habit formation.
예문
- Behaviourist approaches to learning emphasise positive reinforcement to encourage desirable behaviour. 行为主义的学习方法强调通过正向强化来鼓励理想行为。Los enfoques conductistas del aprendizaje hacen hincapié en el refuerzo positivo para fomentar comportamientos deseables.行動主義的な学習アプローチは、望ましい行動を促すために正の強化を重視します。행동주의적 학습 접근법은 바람직한 행동을 촉진하기 위해 정적 강화를 강조합니다.
- Skinner's behaviourist experiments with pigeons demonstrated how behaviour could be shaped through rewards. 斯金纳用鸽子进行的行为主义实验证明了行为如何通过奖励来塑造。Los experimentos conductistas de Skinner con palomas demostraron cómo la conducta podía moldearse mediante recompensas.スキナーのハトを用いた行動主義実験は、報酬によって行動が形成されうることを実証しました。스키너의 비둘기를 이용한 행동주의 실험은 보상을 통해 행동이 형성될 수 있음을 입증했습니다.
- The behaviourist tradition views the learner as a passive recipient shaped by environmental stimuli. 行为主义传统将学习者视为被环境刺激塑造的被动接受者。La tradición conductista concibe al aprendiz como un receptor pasivo moldeado por los estímulos ambientales.行動主義の伝統では、学習者は環境からの刺激によって形作られる受動的な存在とみなされます。행동주의 전통에서 학습자는 환경적 자극에 의해 형성되는 수동적 존재로 간주됩니다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
From behaviour (from Middle English behavour, from Old French avoir, to have, with the prefix be-) and the suffix -ist. The psychological movement was named by John B. Watson in 1913. British spelling uses -our.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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