altruism
의미: The selfless concern for the welfare of others; acting in the interest of others without expectation of personal benefit or reward.
Altruism is a central concept in ethics, evolutionary biology, and psychology. In philosophy, it is the moral principle that one should act for the benefit of others. In biology, altruistic behaviour in animals — such as a bird warning others of a predator at personal risk — poses a puzzle for evolutionary theory, which expects selfish behaviour. 'Effective altruism' is a modern movement that uses evidence and reason to determine the most effective ways to help others.
예문
- Her decision to donate a kidney to a stranger was an extraordinary act of altruism that inspired widespread admiration. 她决定向一位陌生人捐献肾脏,这一非凡的利他行为引发了广泛的钦佩。Su decisión de donar un riñón a un desconocido fue un extraordinario acto de altruismo que suscitó una admiración generalizada.見ず知らずの人に腎臓を提供するという彼女の決断は、広く称賛を集めた並外れた利他的行為であった。낯선 사람에게 신장을 기증하겠다는 그녀의 결정은 광범위한 찬사를 불러일으킨 비범한 이타적 행위였습니다.
- Evolutionary biologists have long debated how altruism can arise through natural selection if it reduces the individual's own chances of survival. 进化生物学家长期以来一直在争论,如果利他主义降低了个体自身的生存机会,它如何能通过自然选择产生。Los biólogos evolucionistas llevan mucho tiempo debatiendo cómo el altruismo puede surgir mediante la selección natural si reduce las propias posibilidades de supervivencia del individuo.進化生物学者たちは、利他主義が個体自身の生存確率を下げるにもかかわらず、どのようにして自然選択を通じて生じ得るのかを長年議論してきた。진화생물학자들은 이타주의가 개체 자신의 생존 확률을 낮추는데도 어떻게 자연선택을 통해 생겨날 수 있는지를 오랫동안 논쟁해 왔습니다.
- The effective altruism movement encourages people to use data and evidence to maximise the positive impact of their charitable giving. 有效利他主义运动鼓励人们利用数据和证据来最大化其慈善捐赠的积极影响。El movimiento del altruismo eficaz anima a las personas a utilizar datos y evidencias para maximizar el impacto positivo de sus donaciones benéficas.効果的利他主義運動は、慈善寄付の良い影響を最大化するためにデータと証拠を活用するよう人々に奨励している。효과적 이타주의 운동은 자선 기부의 긍정적 영향을 극대화하기 위해 데이터와 근거를 활용하도록 사람들에게 권장합니다.
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사용 가이드
맥락: academic, professional
어조: neutral
기원과 역사
Coined by French philosopher Auguste Comte in 1851 from French autrui (other people), from Old French altrui, from Latin alteri (to others), from alter (other). Comte conceived altruism as the opposite of egoism.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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