Bitter
의미: Resentful, holding a grudge
Being bitter means harboring resentment—a lasting anger at perceived injustice or hurt. Unlike hot anger, bitterness is cold and persistent, often turning inward. It suggests someone stuck in negative feelings about the past.
예문
- She's still bitter about being fired. 她对被解雇的事仍然很怨恨。Todavía está resentida por haber sido despedida.解雇されたことをまだ恨んでいる。그녀는 해고당한 것에 대해 아직도 원한을 품고 있다.
- Don't be bitter—move on. 别那么记仇——放下吧。No estés amargado—sigue adelante.恨みを抱かないで——前に進んで。원한을 갖지 마—앞으로 나아가.
- He became bitter after the divorce. 他对离婚很痛苦。Está muy amargado por el divorcio.離婚のことで彼はとても苦々しく思っている。이혼 후 그는 앙심을 품게 되었다.
- There's a lot of bitterness between them.别让自己变得怨恨。No dejes que te vuelvas amargado.根に持つ人にならないで。그들 사이에는 깊은 원한이 있다.
발음
/ˈbɪtə/
사용 가이드
맥락: general, personal, relationships
어조: resentful, hardened
✓ 올바른 표현
- Don't be bitter.她很记仇。Está resentida.彼女は根に持っている。매서운 추위야
- She's still bitter about it.别那么怨恨。No estés amargado.恨まないで。매섭게 추워
- There's a lot of bitterness.他变得很怨恨。Se volvió muy amargado.彼はとても苦々しくなった。밖이 매서워
✗ 잘못된 표현
- Calling someone bitter can be offensive是持久的情绪——不是暂时的愤怒Es una emoción duradera—no ira temporal持続する感情——一時的な怒りではない가벼운 추위에는 사용하지 말 것—bitter는 진짜 매서운 추위를 뜻함
- Be careful with tone暗示某人应该放下Sugiere que alguien debería superar乗り越えるべきだと示唆する즐기는 추위에는 사용하지 말 것—bitter는 항상 부정적인 의미임
흔한 실수
- Bitterness is persistent, not momentary anger
- It implies holding onto negative feelings
기원과 역사
From Old English 'biter' (sharp, cutting taste). The metaphor connects the unpleasant taste of bitter foods to the unpleasant feeling of resentment—both hard to swallow and lingering.
어원: From Old English 'biter' (sharp, cutting), taste metaphor for resentment
최초 기록: Emotional usage from medieval period
문화적 배경
Era: Medieval period onwards
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Pop culture: Common in relationship and workplace discussions; 'Better' vs. 'bitter' frequently quoted
Regional notes: Universal across English-speaking countries.
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