有給
의미: Paid leave or paid vacation days — time off from work with full salary.
有給 (short for 有給休暇) is one of the most commonly discussed workplace terms in Japan. Despite being legally guaranteed, Japan has historically had very low paid leave usage rates — workers felt guilty taking time off. The 2019 work-style reform made it mandatory for employers to ensure workers take at least 5 days per year. The term 有給 is used casually in everyday conversation, and 'taking 有給' has become more normalized, though many workers still feel pressure not to use all their days.
예문
- 有給使って来週の金曜休もうかな。 用带薪假下周五休息一天吧。A lo mejor uso un día de vacaciones pagadas y libro el viernes que viene.유급 휴가 써서 다음 주 금요일에 쉴까.
- 有給って年に何日あるか知ってる?うちは20日だよ。 你知道带薪假一年有多少天吗?我们公司是20天。¿Sabes cuántos días de vacaciones pagadas tienes al año? En mi empresa son 20.유급 휴가가 1년에 며칠인지 알아? 우리 회사는 20일이야.
- 有給取りたいけど、忙しすぎて休めない。 想请带薪假,但太忙了根本休不了。Quiero coger vacaciones, pero estoy tan liado que no puedo.유급 휴가 쓰고 싶은데, 너무 바빠서 못 쉬겠어.
발음
/jɯː.kʲɯː/
사용 가이드
맥락: workplace, casual conversation
어조: practical, everyday
✓ 올바른 표현
- 有給消化しないともったいないよ。 (It's a waste not to use up your paid leave.)带薪假不用掉太可惜了。(不把带薪休假用完太浪费了。)Es un desperdicio no gastar tus días de vacaciones pagadas.유급 휴가 안 쓰면 아깝잖아. (유급 휴가를 소진 안 하면 손해야.)
- 来月有給取って旅行行かない? (Want to take paid leave next month and go on a trip?)下个月请带薪假去旅行怎么样?(下个月请个带薪假一起去旅行吧?)¿Cogemos vacaciones pagadas el mes que viene y nos vamos de viaje?다음 달에 유급 휴가 내고 여행 갈래? (다음 달에 유급 휴가 써서 여행 가지 않을래?)
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 繁忙期に「有給取ります」は周りの目が気になる場合がある (Saying 'I'm taking paid leave' during a busy period may draw unwanted attention in some workplaces)在忙碌时期说'我要请带薪假',在有些职场可能会招来异样的目光(在繁忙时期宣布'我要休带薪假',在某些职场可能会引人侧目)Decir «me cojo vacaciones» en plena temporada de máximo trabajo puede atraer miradas incómodas en algunas empresas바쁜 시기에 '유급 휴가 씁니다'라고 하면 주변 눈치가 보일 수 있다 (성수기에 '유급 휴가 쓸게요'라고 하면 일부 직장에서는 눈총을 받을 수 있어)
흔한 실수
- Thinking Japanese workers freely take 有給 — despite reforms, many still feel guilty and usage rates, while improving, remain below 100%
기원과 역사
Short for 有給休暇 (paid leave). Legally guaranteed under Japan's Labor Standards Act. The 2019 reform requiring minimum 5 days of annual paid leave usage was a landmark change.
문화적 배경
Era: Postwar labor law, 2019 mandatory usage reform
Generation: All working-age adults
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Japan's paid leave usage rate has been gradually improving but remains a cultural challenge.
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