奨学金
의미: Scholarship — though in Japan, this word most commonly refers to student loans that must be repaid after graduation.
While 奨学金 literally means 'scholarship money,' the vast majority of Japanese 奨学金 (especially JASSO's Type 2) are interest-bearing loans that students must repay over 10-20 years after graduation. This gap between the gentle-sounding name and the harsh reality of debt repayment has become a major social issue. Many graduates struggle with 奨学金 repayment, leading to calls for reform. True grant-type scholarships (給付型) exist but are far less common.
예문
- 奨学金の返済が卒業後20年も続くってキツすぎ。 奖学金要还20年,压力也太大了。Tener que devolver la beca durante 20 años después de graduarme es durísimo.장학금 상환이 졸업 후 20년이나 계속된다니 너무 힘들어.
- 奨学金借りてるから成績落とせないんだよね。 因为借了奖学金贷款,成绩不能掉下来。Como tengo una beca-préstamo, no me puedo permitir que me bajen las notas.장학금을 빌리고 있어서 성적을 떨어뜨릴 수 없어.
- 日本の奨学金ってほぼ学生ローンだよね。 日本的奖学金基本就是学生贷款吧。Las «becas» japonesas son prácticamente préstamos estudiantiles, ¿no?일본 장학금은 사실상 학자금 대출이잖아.
발음
/ɕoː.ga.kɯ.kiɴ/
사용 가이드
맥락: university, finances, social issues, family
어조: serious, sometimes bitter
✓ 올바른 표현
- 奨学金返し終わるまであと15年もある。 (I still have 15 years left to pay off my scholarship loan.)奖学金贷款还要还15年。(距离还清奖学金贷款还有15年。)Todavía me quedan 15 años para terminar de pagar el préstamo de la beca. (I still have 15 years left to pay off my scholarship loan.)장학금 다 갚으려면 아직 15년이나 남았어. (학자금 대출 상환 완료까지 아직 15년이나 남았어.)
- 給付型の奨学金に応募したけどダメだった。 (I applied for a grant-type scholarship but didn't get it.)申请了无偿奖学金但没通过。(我申请了资助型奖学金,但没有被选上。)Solicité una beca no reembolsable pero no me la concedieron. (I applied for a grant-type scholarship but didn't get it.)급부형 장학금에 지원했는데 안 됐어. (반환 불필요한 장학금에 지원했지만 떨어졌어.)
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 「奨学金もらってるの?すごい!」 — 貸与型だと借金なので素直に褒められると微妙 (Saying 'You got a scholarship? Amazing!' can be awkward when it's actually a loan)说'你拿奖学金了?好厉害!'——如果是贷款型的话其实是借债,被这样夸会很尴尬«¿Tienes beca? ¡Qué suerte!» — cuando en realidad es un préstamo, el halago resulta incómodo (Decir «¿Tienes beca? ¡Genial!» puede resultar violento cuando en realidad es un préstamo)「장학금 받았어? 대단하다!」 — 대여형이면 사실상 빚이라 순수하게 칭찬하면 미묘해진다 (실제로는 대출인데 '장학금 받았다니 대단하다'고 하면 어색할 수 있다)
흔한 실수
- Assuming 奨学金 is free money like Western scholarships — most Japanese 奨学金 are loans (貸与型) requiring repayment, not grants (給付型)
기원과 역사
From 奨 (encourage) + 学 (study) + 金 (money). The modern JASSO (Japan Student Services Organization) system was established in 2004, but government student support has existed since the prewar era. The 'scholarship in name, loan in practice' criticism has intensified since the 2010s.
문화적 배경
Era: Modern system from 2004 (JASSO), student loan debate intensified 2010s onward
Generation: All ages (universally understood, hot social issue)
Social background: Widely used across economic backgrounds; about half of Japanese university students use some form of 奨学金
Regional notes: Used across Japan. The 奨学金 repayment burden has become a national political issue.
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