始発
의미: The first train of the day — the earliest departure, typically around 4:30-5:30 AM.
In Japanese urban life, 始発 is a culturally loaded word. It is the train that rescues people who stayed out all night — whether drinking, at karaoke, or at a club. '始発で帰る' (going home on the first train) is a badge of a big night out. It also represents extreme dedication when someone catches the first train to get somewhere early. The first train time varies by line and station but is generally between 4:30 and 5:30 AM.
예문
- 飲みすぎて始発まで待つ羽目になった。 喝太多了,结果只能等首班车了。Bebí demasiado y acabé teniendo que esperar al primer tren.너무 많이 마셔서 첫차까지 기다리는 신세가 됐어.
- 始発で行けば朝イチの新幹線に間に合うよ。 坐首班车去的话能赶上最早的新干线。Si coges el primer tren, llegas a tiempo para el primer Shinkansen de la mañana.첫차로 가면 아침 첫 신칸센에 맞출 수 있어.
- オールして始発で帰るパターンね。 通宵然后坐首班车回家的套路嘛。El clásico plan de trasnochar y volver a casa en el primer tren.밤새고 첫차로 귀가하는 패턴이네.
발음
/ɕi.ha.tsu/
사용 가이드
맥락: nightlife, commuting, daily conversation
어조: practical, sometimes resigned
✓ 올바른 표현
- 始発何時だっけ?もう終電ないよね。 (What time is the first train again? There are no more trains tonight, right?)首班车几点来着?已经没有末班车了吧。¿A qué hora era el primer tren? Ya no quedan trenes esta noche, ¿no? (What time is the first train again? There are no more trains tonight, right?)첫차 몇 시였지? 이제 막차 없지?
- 始発まであと2時間、カラオケ行く? (Two more hours until the first train — wanna go to karaoke?)离首班车还有两个小时,去唱卡拉OK吧?Quedan dos horas para el primer tren, ¿vamos al karaoke? (Two more hours until the first train — wanna go to karaoke?)첫차까지 2시간 남았는데, 노래방 갈래?
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 「始発」はその路線の最初の電車のこと — 単に「早い電車」という意味ではない (始発 means the very first train on a line — it doesn't just mean any early train)'始発'指的是该线路当天的第一班列车——并不是泛指'早班车''Shihatsu' se refiere al primerísimo tren de una línea — no significa simplemente cualquier tren tempranero (始発 means the very first train on a line — it doesn't just mean any early train)'시하츠'는 해당 노선의 첫 번째 열차를 말한다 — 단순히 '이른 열차'라는 뜻이 아니다
흔한 실수
- Not knowing that 始発 times vary by line and station — always check the specific schedule
- Missing the cultural context — 始発で帰る often implies an all-night outing, not an early morning departure
기원과 역사
Compound of 始 (beginning) and 発 (departure). Standard railway term that has taken on strong cultural connotations in Japan's nightlife and work culture, where the gap between 終電 (last train) and 始発 (first train) defines the rhythm of the night.
문화적 배경
Era: Railway term, deep cultural significance
Generation: All ages, especially 20s–40s nightlife culture
Social background: Universal urban life
Regional notes: Used in all Japanese cities with train systems. The 終電–始発 gap (roughly midnight to 5 AM) is a defining feature of Japanese urban nightlife.
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