パワハラ
의미: Power harassment — workplace bullying or abuse of authority by a superior, including intimidation, excessive demands, and verbal abuse.
パワハラ is one of Japan's most recognised workplace issues, describing when a boss or senior employee uses their position to bully, intimidate, or overwork subordinates. It covers a wide range of behaviours from screaming at employees to assigning impossible tasks or excluding someone from the team. Japan legally recognised パワハラ in the 2019 Labour Policy Comprehensive Promotion Act, making it more than just slang — it's now a legal concept.
예문
- 部長のパワハラがひどくて、みんな辞めていく。 部长的职权骚扰太严重了,大家都在辞职。El acoso laboral del director es tan grave que todos se están marchando.부장의 파워하라가 심해서 다들 그만두고 있어.
- それ完全にパワハラだから、人事に相談した方がいいよ。 那完全是职权骚扰,你应该去找人事部商量。Eso es claramente acoso laboral; deberías consultarlo con recursos humanos.그건 완전 파워하라니까, 인사부에 상담하는 게 좋아.
- パワハラ上司のせいで毎日胃が痛い。 因为那个爱搞职权骚扰的上司,我每天都胃疼。Por culpa de mi jefe acosador, me duele el estómago todos los días.파워하라 상사 때문에 매일 위가 아파.
발음
/pa.wa.ha.ɾa/
사용 가이드
맥락: workplace, news, casual conversation
어조: serious, accusatory
✓ 올바른 표현
- パワハラは録音しておいた方がいいよ。 (You should record instances of power harassment as evidence.)遇到职权骚扰最好录音留证。(你应该录下职权骚扰作为证据。)Es mejor que grabes los casos de acoso laboral como prueba. (You should record instances of power harassment as evidence.)파워하라는 녹음해 두는 게 좋아. (파워 하라스먼트는 증거로 녹음해 두는 게 좋아.)
- うちの部署、パワハラが常態化してる。 (Power harassment has become normalised in our department.)我们部门职权骚扰已经常态化了。(我们部门的职权骚扰已经成为常态了。)En nuestro departamento, el acoso laboral se ha normalizado. (Power harassment has become normalised in our department.)우리 부서, 파워하라가 일상화되어 있어. (우리 부서에서는 파워 하라스먼트가 당연시되고 있어.)
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 上司の正当な指導に対して軽々しく「パワハラ」と言うのは逆効果になる (Casually calling legitimate guidance 'power harassment' can backfire)对上司正当的指导轻率地说「职权骚扰」会适得其反(把合理的指导随便说成职权骚扰可能会产生反效果)Llamar a la ligera 'acoso laboral' a las indicaciones legítimas de un superior puede ser contraproducente (Casually calling legitimate guidance 'power harassment' can backfire)상사의 정당한 지도에 대해 가볍게 '파워하라'라고 하면 역효과가 난다 (정당한 지도를 가볍게 '파워 하라스먼트'라고 부르면 오히려 불리해질 수 있다)
흔한 실수
- Using パワハラ too loosely for any criticism from a boss — it specifically refers to abuse of power, not normal feedback
- Not knowing this is now a legal term in Japan, not just casual slang
기원과 역사
Abbreviation of パワーハラスメント (power harassment), a Japanese-English coinage from the early 2000s. The concept gained widespread recognition in the 2000s-2010s and was legally defined in 2019.
문화적 배경
Era: 2000s recognition, 2019 legal definition
Generation: All ages (universally recognised)
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used nationwide. One of the most discussed workplace issues in Japan. Legally actionable since 2019.
이 주제의 다른 표현
More from Criticism & Complaints