混雑
의미: Crowded, congested — describes a place packed with too many people, especially during peak travel times.
A practical and frequently used word in Japanese daily life, 混雑 describes the overwhelming crowds at tourist spots, train stations, and events. Travel apps, railway announcements, and tourism websites constantly reference 混雑 levels. Japanese travelers often plan specifically to avoid 混雑, checking real-time congestion maps and choosing off-peak times. The word carries a distinctly negative, uncomfortable connotation.
예문
- お盆の新幹線、混雑やばかったよ。 盂兰盆节的新干线,挤得太吓人了。El Shinkansen durante el Obon estaba increíblemente abarrotado.오봉 때 신칸센 혼잡이 장난 아니었어.
- 混雑を避けて平日に行くのがおすすめ。 建议避开拥挤高峰,选工作日去。Te recomiendo ir entre semana para evitar las aglomeraciones.혼잡을 피해서 평일에 가는 걸 추천해.
- この時間帯は混雑するからもう少し待とう。 这个时间段会很挤,我们再等一下吧。A esta hora se llena de gente, así que esperemos un poco más.이 시간대는 붐비니까 좀 더 기다리자.
발음
/koɴ.za.tsu/
사용 가이드
맥락: travel, commuting, news, daily life
어조: informational, cautionary, frustrated
✓ 올바른 표현
- 混雑状況をアプリで確認してから行こう。 (Let's check the congestion status on the app before going.)用APP查一下拥挤情况再去吧。(我们先用APP确认一下拥挤状况再出发吧。)Comprobemos el nivel de congestión en la aplicación antes de ir. (Let's check the congestion status on the app before going.)혼잡 상황을 앱으로 확인하고 나서 가자. (앱으로 혼잡 상태를 확인한 다음에 출발하자.)
- GWはどこ行っても混雑するよね。 (Golden Week is crowded wherever you go.)黄金周不管去哪儿都很挤啊。(黄金周不管去哪里都是人山人海。)En la Golden Week hay aglomeraciones vayas donde vayas, ¿verdad? (Golden Week is crowded wherever you go.)골든위크는 어딜 가도 붐비잖아. (골든위크에는 어디를 가든 혼잡해.)
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 2、3人しかいない場所を「混雑」とは言わない (You wouldn't say a place with just 2-3 people is 'congested')只有两三个人的地方不能说'混雑'(只有两三个人的地方不会用'拥挤'来形容)No se diría que un lugar con solo 2 o 3 personas está 「混雑」 (You wouldn't say a place with just 2-3 people is 'congested')2~3명밖에 없는 곳을 '混雑'라고 하지 않는다 (사람이 두세 명밖에 없는 곳을 '혼잡하다'고 표현하지 않는다)
흔한 실수
- Confusing 混雑 with 混乱 (chaos/confusion) — 混雑 specifically means crowded with people, not chaotic
- Not knowing 混雑 is used as both a noun and する-verb (混雑する = to become crowded)
기원과 역사
Classical compound of 混 (mixed, confused) + 雑 (miscellaneous, cluttered). A standard Japanese word that has gained particular relevance in modern tourism and commuting contexts, especially with real-time congestion information becoming available.
문화적 배경
Era: Classical word, modern relevance
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across Japan. Railway companies publish 混雑率 (congestion rates) for each line. Google Maps shows real-time 混雑度 for popular spots.
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