固まる
의미: To freeze up, be stunned speechless — like a computer freezing, unable to process what just happened.
固まる is the standard verb meaning 'to harden' or 'to solidify,' but in casual speech it describes the moment when someone freezes in shock, confusion, or disbelief — like a computer that has stopped responding. The image of a person going completely still and blank-faced while their brain tries to process unexpected information is universally understood. フリーズする (freeze suru) is used similarly but 固まる feels more naturally Japanese.
예문
- サプライズパーティーで本人が固まってた。 惊喜派对上本人直接愣住了。En la fiesta sorpresa el cumpleañero se quedó totalmente bloqueado.서프라이즈 파티에서 본인이 굳어버렸어.
- いきなり告白されて頭が固まった。 突然被告白,大脑一片空白。Me declararon su amor de repente y se me quedó la mente en blanco.갑자기 고백 받아서 머리가 굳어버렸어.
- 面接で想定外の質問されて固まっちゃった。 面试被问了意料之外的问题,直接僵住了。En la entrevista me hicieron una pregunta inesperada y me quedé de piedra.면접에서 예상 밖의 질문을 받고 굳어버렸어.
발음
/ka.ta.ma.ɾɯ/
사용 가이드
맥락: daily conversation, friends, workplace (casual)
어조: stunned, bewildered
✓ 올바른 표현
- 彼の発言にみんな固まった。 (Everyone froze at what he said.)听到他说的话,所有人都愣住了。Todos se quedaron de piedra con lo que dijo.그의 발언에 모두 굳어버렸어. (그의 말에 다들 얼어붙었다는 뜻)
- 値段見て一瞬固まったわ。 (I saw the price and froze for a second.)看到价格的一瞬间整个人僵住了。Vi el precio y me quedé bloqueado un instante.가격 보고 한순간 굳어버렸어. (가격을 보고 잠깐 멍해졌다는 뜻)
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 固まるを「怒っている」と混同しない (Don't confuse 固まる with being angry — it is about being stunned, not upset)不要把 固まる 和'生气'混淆——它表达的是被震住了,不是发火了No confundas 固まる con estar enfadado — se refiere a quedarse atónito, no disgustado.固まる를 '화가 나다'와 혼동하지 않는다 (놀라서 멈춘 것이지, 화가 난 것이 아니다)
흔한 실수
- Confusing the slang meaning with the literal meaning of hardening or solidifying a physical substance
- Using 固まる when you mean 凍る (kooru, to freeze literally) — 固まる as slang is about mental/emotional freezing only
기원과 역사
Standard verb 'to harden/solidify.' Slang usage describes freezing in shock or confusion, like a buffering computer. フリーズする is used similarly as a loanword equivalent.
문화적 배경
Era: Long-standing colloquial usage, boosted by computer culture analogies
Generation: All ages, universally understood
Social background: General informal, all social classes
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. The computer analogy (PCが固まる = computer freezes) naturally extended to human behaviour, making this one of the more intuitive slang extensions.
이 주제의 다른 표현
More from Emotions & Reactions