ガタガタ
의미: The sound of rattling, shaking, or clattering — also used to mean complaining or whining about something.
ガタガタ has a rich set of meanings centered around instability and noise. It describes the rattling of a loose window in the wind, the shaking of an old machine, teeth chattering from cold, or a bumpy road. Figuratively, ガタガタ言う means to grumble, complain, or nitpick — the verbal equivalent of annoying rattling. It can also describe something falling apart or becoming dilapidated.
예문
- 台風で窓がガタガタ鳴ってて怖かった。 台风天窗户咣当咣当响，好吓人。Con el tifón las ventanas traqueteaban y daba miedo.태풍에 창문이 가타가타(덜컹덜컹) 울려서 무서웠어.
- ガタガタ文句言ってないでさっさとやれよ。 别在那叽叽歪歪的，赶紧干活！Deja de quejarte y ponte a hacerlo de una vez.가타가타(뚜덜뚜덜) 불평하지 말고 빨리 해.
- 寒すぎて歯がガタガタいってる。 冷得牙齿都在打颤。Hace tanto frío que me castañetean los dientes.너무 추워서 이가 가타가타(달달달) 떨려.
발음
/ɡa.ta.ɡa.ta/
사용 가이드
맥락: sounds, complaints, physical condition, weather
어조: noisy, irritated, blunt
✓ 올바른 표현
- ガタガタ言うな、やるしかないだろ (Stop complaining, you just have to do it)别叽叽歪歪了，不干也得干Deja de quejarte, no queda más remedio que hacerlo.가타가타 말하지 마, 하는 수밖에 없잖아 (불평 그만해, 하는 수밖에 없잖아)
- 古い家だからドアがガタガタする (The door rattles because it's an old house)老房子嘛，门咣当咣当响很正常La puerta traquetea porque la casa es vieja.오래된 집이라 문이 가타가타해 (오래된 집이라서 문이 덜컹거려)
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 上品な場面で「ガタガタ言うな」は乱暴 (Saying 'gata gata iu na' in polite company sounds rough — soften it)在正式场合说「ガタガタ言うな」太粗鲁了——需要用更委婉的说法Decir 'gata gata iu na' en un contexto educado suena brusco: conviene suavizarlo.격식 있는 자리에서 「ガタガタ言うな」는 거칠다 (격식 있는 자리에서 '가타가타 말하지 마'는 거칠게 들림 — 좀 더 부드럽게 표현할 것)
흔한 실수
- Only knowing the sound meaning and missing the complaining usage — ガタガタ言う is extremely common
- Not recognizing ガタが来る (gata ga kuru) which means something is breaking down or wearing out
기원과 역사
Traditional Japanese sound-symbolic word (擬音語) imitating the sound of hard objects rattling against each other. The complaining meaning developed naturally — persistent complaints are as annoying as constant rattling.
문화적 배경
Era: Traditional onomatopoeia
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. ガタガタ言うな is a very common way to tell someone to stop whining.
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