大丈夫
의미: An ultra-versatile word meaning 'it's fine,' 'I'm okay,' 'no problem,' or even 'no thanks' — context determines everything.
大丈夫 is one of the most overloaded words in modern Japanese. It can mean 'I'm fine' (health), 'it's okay' (reassurance), 'no problem' (permission), or 'no thank you' (polite refusal). The refusal meaning is a relatively recent development that sometimes causes confusion — when a shop clerk asks if you want a bag and you say 大丈夫です, you mean 'no thanks.' This versatility makes it one of the first words learners encounter and one of the last they fully master.
예문
- 怪我したの?大丈夫? 受伤了?没事吧?¿Te has hecho daño? ¿Estás bien?다쳤어? 괜찮아?
- レシート大丈夫ですか?あ、大丈夫です。 需要小票吗?啊,不用了。¿Quiere el recibo? Ah, no, gracias.영수증 필요하세요? 아, 괜찮습니다.
- 明日までに終わる?うん、大丈夫。 明天之前能做完吗?嗯,没问题。¿Lo terminas para mañana? Sí, sin problema.내일까지 끝나? 응, 괜찮아.
발음
/da.i.dʑo.ɯ.bɯ/
사용 가이드
맥락: everywhere, daily conversation, shops, texting, workplace
어조: reassuring, versatile
✓ 올바른 표현
- 大丈夫、心配しないで (It's fine, don't worry)没事,别担心(It's fine, don't worry)No pasa nada, no te preocupes.괜찮아, 걱정하지 마 (괜찮으니까 걱정 마)
- 袋は大丈夫です (No need for a bag, thanks)袋子不用了,谢谢(No need for a bag, thanks)No necesito bolsa, gracias.봉투는 괜찮습니다 (봉투는 안 주셔도 됩니다)
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 本当に困っている時に「大丈夫」と言って助けを断ると悪化する (Saying 大丈夫 to refuse help when you genuinely need it can make things worse)真正需要帮助的时候说「大丈夫」拒绝帮助反而会让情况更糟(Saying 大丈夫 to refuse help when you genuinely need it can make things worse)Decir「大丈夫」para rechazar ayuda cuando realmente la necesitas puede empeorar la situación.정말 곤란한 상황에서 「大丈夫」라고 해서 도움을 거절하면 상황이 악화된다 (진짜 도움이 필요한데 大丈夫라고 거절하면 상황이 더 나빠질 수 있습니다)
흔한 실수
- Not recognising 大丈夫です as a refusal — it often means 'no thank you' in commercial contexts
- Overusing 大丈夫 to mask genuine problems — Japanese people sometimes need to be asked twice
기원과 역사
Originally meant 'sturdy man' from 丈夫 (strong/healthy man) with 大 (great) prefix. Over centuries it shifted from describing physical sturdiness to a general expression of okayness. The 'no thanks' usage emerged in the 2000s.
문화적 배경
Era: Ancient origins, 'no thanks' meaning from 2000s
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. The 'no thanks' usage is sometimes debated by language purists but is now firmly established.
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