遅延
의미: A train delay — any disruption to scheduled service, from minor delays to full suspensions.
A word every Japanese commuter knows intimately. 遅延 can range from a few minutes to hours. Japanese trains are famously punctual, so even a 2-minute delay gets an apologetic announcement. Common causes include 人身事故, weather, and mechanical issues. Companies issue 遅延証明書 (delay certificates) so employees can prove to their bosses that they were late due to the train, not personal negligence.
예문
- 遅延証明書もらっておいてくれる？ 能帮我拿一下延误证明吗？¿Puedes coger un certificado de retraso, por favor?지연 증명서 받아 놓을 수 있어?
- 台風の影響で遅延がすごいことになってる。 受台风影响，延误严重得一塌糊涂。Por culpa del tifón, los retrasos son un desastre.태풍 영향으로 지연이 엄청나게 심해.
- また遅延かよ、今週3回目だぞ。 又延误了，这周第三次了。Otra vez un retraso, es la tercera vez esta semana.또 지연이야, 이번 주만 3번째라고.
발음
/tɕi.e.n/
사용 가이드
맥락: commuting, work, daily conversation
어조: informational, frustrated
✓ 올바른 표현
- 遅延情報チェックしてから家出よう。 (Let's check the delay info before leaving the house.)出门前先查一下延误信息吧。Consultemos la información de retrasos antes de salir de casa. (Let's check the delay info before leaving the house.)지연 정보 확인하고 나서 집에서 출발하자.
- 10分遅延してるけど、まだ間に合う？ (There's a 10-minute delay — will we still make it?)延误了10分钟，还来得及吗？Hay un retraso de 10 minutos, ¿llegaremos a tiempo? (There's a 10-minute delay — will we still make it?)10분 지연되고 있는데, 아직 시간 맞을까?
✗ 잘못된 표현
- 自分が寝坊して遅れたのに「遅延で」と嘘をつくのはよくある話 (Blaming a 'train delay' when you actually overslept is a common excuse — but 遅延証明書 will expose the lie)明明是自己睡过头却说'列车延误了'是很常见的借口——但延误证明会露馅Echarle la culpa a un 'retraso del tren' cuando en realidad te has quedado dormido es una excusa clásica — pero el certificado de retraso te dejará en evidencia (Blaming a 'train delay' when you actually overslept is a common excuse — but 遅延証明書 will expose the lie)늦잠을 자서 늦었으면서 '열차 지연 때문에'라고 거짓말하는 건 흔한 일이다 — 하지만 지연 증명서가 거짓말을 들통나게 한다
흔한 실수
- Not knowing about 遅延証明書 (delay certificates) — you can get them at the station or online to prove to your employer that you were delayed
- Expecting Japanese trains to never be delayed — while extremely punctual, delays do happen regularly on busy urban lines
기원과 역사
Standard term: 遅 (late/slow) + 延 (extend/delay). While a formal word, it is used casually by millions of commuters daily. The concept is culturally significant given Japan's reputation for extreme train punctuality.
문화적 배경
Era: Since railway system establishment, heightened cultural significance
Generation: All commuters
Social background: Universal urban life
Regional notes: Used across Japan. The 遅延証明書 system is uniquely Japanese and reflects the culture of accountability around punctuality.
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