How do you use "Third Conditional" in a sentence?

If I had studied harder, I would have passed. If she had taken the job, she would have moved to London. They wouldn't have missed the flight if they had left earlier. What would you have done if you had been there?

Third Conditional

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★☆ Common Neutral

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의미: Describes hypothetical past situations (regrets, different outcomes)

描述假设的过去情况（遗憾、不同的结果）

Describe situaciones pasadas hipotéticas (arrepentimientos, resultados diferentes)

仮定の過去の状況を表す（後悔、異なる結果）

가정의 과거 상황을 표현 (후회, 다른 결과)

The third conditional is for imagining different past outcomes - things that didn't happen. Structure: If + past perfect, would have + past participle. It's often used for regrets or analyzing what might have been.

第三条件句用于想象不同的过去结果——那些没有发生的事情。结构：If + 过去完成时, would have + 过去分词。常用于表达遗憾或分析可能发生的事情。

El tercer condicional es para imaginar resultados pasados diferentes - cosas que no sucedieron. Estructura: If + pasado perfecto, would have + participio pasado. A menudo se usa para arrepentimientos o analizar lo que podría haber sido.

第三条件文は異なる過去の結果を想像するために使います - 起こらなかったこと。構造：If + 過去完了, would have + 過去分詞。後悔や「もしこうだったら」の分析によく使います。

제3조건문은 실제로 일어나지 않은 과거의 다른 결과를 상상할 때 사용합니다. 구조: If + 과거완료, would have + 과거분사. 후회를 표현하거나 어떤 일이 달랐을 수 있었는지를 분석할 때 자주 사용됩니다.

예문

If I had studied harder, I would have passed.
如果我当时更努力学习，我就能通过考试了。
Si hubiera estudiado más, habría aprobado.
もっと勉強していたら、合格していたでしょう。
더 열심히 공부했더라면, 합격했을 텐데.
If she had taken the job, she would have moved to London.
如果她当时接受了那份工作，她就搬到伦敦了。
Si ella hubiera aceptado el trabajo, se habría mudado a Londres.
彼女がその仕事を受けていたら、ロンドンに引っ越していたでしょう。
그녀가 그 일을 받아들였더라면, 런던으로 이사했을 것이다.
They wouldn't have missed the flight if they had left earlier.
如果他们早点出发，就不会错过航班了。
No habrían perdido el vuelo si hubieran salido antes.
もっと早く出発していたら、飛行機に乗り遅れなかったのに。
더 일찍 출발했더라면, 비행기를 놓치지 않았을 텐데.
What would you have done if you had been there?
如果你当时在那里，你会怎么做？
¿Qué habrías hecho si hubieras estado allí?
もしあなたがそこにいたら、どうしましたか？
만약 당신이 거기 있었다면, 어떻게 했을 건가요?

발음

사용 가이드

맥락: spoken, written, everyday

어조: reflective

✓ 올바른 표현

If I had known, I would have helped.
如果我知道的话，我就会帮忙了。
Si lo hubiera sabido, habría ayudado.
知っていたら助けたのに。
알았더라면, 도와줬을 텐데.
She would have come if she'd had time.
如果她有时间，她就会来了。
Ella habría venido si hubiera tenido tiempo.
時間があれば彼女は来たでしょう。
시간이 있었더라면, 그녀도 왔을 거예요.
We'd have won if we'd played better.
如果我们打得更好，就能赢了。
Habríamos ganado si hubiéramos jugado mejor.
もっとうまくプレーしていれば勝てたのに。
더 잘 플레이했더라면, 이겼을 텐데.
If I had known...
如果我当时知道的话……
Si hubiera sabido...
もし知っていたら…
만약 내가 알았더라면...
If I had known, I would have passed.
如果我当时知道的话，我就能通过了。
Si hubiera sabido, habría aprobado.
もし知っていたら、合格していたのに。
만약 내가 알았더라면 합격했을 텐데.

✗ 잘못된 표현

If I would have known... (no 'would' in if-clause)
If I would have known...（if从句中不用'would'）
If I would have known... (no se usa 'would' en la cláusula con if)
If I would have known...（if節に「would」不可）
If I would have known...（if절에 'would' 사용 불가）
If I had knew... (past participle, not simple past)
If I had knew...（用过去分词，不是一般过去时）
If I had knew... (usar el participio pasado, no el pasado simple)
If I had knew...（過去分詞を使う）
If I had knew...（과거분사를 사용）
If I had known, I would passed. (need 'have' in result)
If I had known, I would passed.（结果部分需要'have'）
If I had known, I would passed. (se necesita 'have' en el resultado)
If I had known, I would passed.（結果節に「have」が必要）
If I had known, I would passed.（결과절에 'have'가 필요）

기원과 역사

Past hypothetical conditional

문화적 배경

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

이 주제의 다른 표현

Second Conditional ★★★★★ Describes hypothetical or unlikely present/future situations unless ★★★★★ Negative condition meaning 'if not' otherwise / or (else) ★★★★★ Expressing negative consequences wish + Past Simple ★★★★★ Expressing wishes about the present wish + Past Perfect ★★★★★ Expressing regrets about the past unless (= if...not) ★★★★★ Negative condition meaning 'except if'