How do you use "therefore / thus / consequently" in a sentence?

The data was incomplete; therefore, the results are uncertain. She had no experience and was thus rejected. He missed the deadline. Consequently, his application was refused. We must therefore conclude that...

therefore / thus / consequently

Q: What does "therefore / thus / consequently" mean?

Showing logical results (formal) These formal connectors show that something is a logical result of what came before. 'Therefore' and 'thus' are similar. 'Consequently' emphasizes the causal relationship. Common in academic writing.

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★☆ Common Formal

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의미: Showing logical results (formal)

表示逻辑结果（正式）

Mostrar resultados lógicos (formal)

論理的な結果を示す（フォーマル）

논리적 결과를 나타내기 (격식체)

These formal connectors show that something is a logical result of what came before. 'Therefore' and 'thus' are similar. 'Consequently' emphasizes the causal relationship. Common in academic writing.

这些正式连接词表示某事是之前内容的逻辑结果。'Therefore'和'thus'相似。'Consequently'强调因果关系。常见于学术写作。

Estos conectores formales muestran que algo es un resultado lógico de lo anterior. 'Therefore' y 'thus' son similares. 'Consequently' enfatiza la relación causal. Común en escritura académica.

これらのフォーマルな接続詞は、何かが前述の論理的な結果であることを示します。「Therefore」と「thus」は似ています。「Consequently」は因果関係を強調します。学術的な文章でよく使われます。

이 격식체 연결어들은 앞선 내용의 논리적 결과를 보여줍니다. 'Therefore'와 'thus'는 비슷합니다. 'Consequently'는 인과 관계를 더 강조합니다. 학술 글쓰기에서 흔히 사용됩니다.

예문

The data was incomplete; therefore, the results are uncertain.
数据不完整；因此，结果不确定。
Los datos estaban incompletos; por lo tanto, los resultados son inciertos.
データが不完全でした。したがって、結果は不確かです。
데이터가 불완전했습니다. 따라서 결과가 불확실합니다.
She had no experience and was thus rejected.
她没有经验，因此被拒绝了。
No tenía experiencia y, por tanto, fue rechazada.
彼女は経験がなく、そのため拒否されました。
그녀는 경험이 없어서 그로 인해 거부당했습니다.
He missed the deadline. Consequently, his application was refused.
他错过了截止日期。因此，他的申请被拒绝了。
No cumplió con el plazo. En consecuencia, su solicitud fue rechazada.
彼は締め切りに間に合いませんでした。その結果、申請は却下されました。
그는 마감 기한을 놓쳤습니다. 그 결과, 지원이 거절되었습니다.
We must therefore conclude that...
因此，我们必须得出结论...
Por lo tanto, debemos concluir que...
したがって、私たちは結論づけなければなりません...
따라서 우리는 결론을 내려야 합니다...

발음

사용 가이드

맥락: written, academic, formal

어조: logical

✓ 올바른 표현

The evidence is clear; we must therefore act.
证据很明确；因此我们必须行动。
La evidencia es clara; por lo tanto, debemos actuar.
証拠は明確です。したがって、行動しなければなりません。
증거는 명확합니다. 따라서 우리는 행동해야 합니다.
Costs have risen. Consequently, prices must increase.
成本上升了。因此，价格必须上涨。
Los costos han subido. En consecuencia, los precios deben aumentar.
コストが上がりました。その結果、価格を上げなければなりません。
비용이 올랐습니다. 그 결과, 가격을 인상해야 합니다.
The hypothesis was thus confirmed.
假设因此得到了证实。
La hipótesis fue así confirmada.
仮説はこうして確認されました。
그리하여 가설이 확인되었습니다.
So I went to the shop.
所以我去了商店。
Así que fui a la tienda.
それで店に行きました。
그래서 가게에 갔다.
As a result, I was hungry.
结果，我饿了。
Como resultado, tenía hambre.
その結果、お腹が空きました。
그 결과, 배가 고팠다.

✗ 잘못된 표현

Therefore I went to the shop. (too formal for casual speech)
Therefore I went to the shop.（日常口语中太正式）
Therefore I went to the shop. (demasiado formal para el habla cotidiana)
Therefore I went to the shop.（日常会話には堅すぎる）
Therefore I went to the shop.（일상 대화에서 너무 격식체）
Consequently I was hungry. (overly formal)
Consequently I was hungry.（过于正式）
Consequently I was hungry. (excesivamente formal)
Consequently I was hungry.（形式的すぎる）
Consequently I was hungry.（지나치게 격식체）

기원과 역사

Formal result connectors

문화적 배경

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

이 주제의 다른 표현

so that / in order to ★★★★★ Expressing purpose as / since / because ★★★★★ Different ways to give reasons so that ★★★★★ Expressing purpose with a clause to + verb vs for + noun/-ing ★★★★★ Expressing purpose with different structures until / till ★★★★★ Up to a certain time although / despite / in spite of ★★★★☆ Expressing contrast and unexpected outcomes