How do you use "Passive with 'by'" in a sentence?

The book was written by J.K. Rowling.' (agent is important) The car was repaired.' (agent not important) The window was broken by the children.' (agent identified) English is spoken by millions of people.

Passive with 'by'

Q: What does "Passive with 'by'" mean?

Adding the agent (who did the action) to passive sentences The agent (who performed the action) can be added with 'by'. Only include the agent when it adds important information. Often the agent is omitted because it's unknown, obvious, or unimportant.

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★☆ Common Neutral

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의미: Adding the agent (who did the action) to passive sentences

在被动句中添加施事者（谁做的动作）

Agregar el agente (quién hizo la acción) a oraciones pasivas

受動文に行為者（動作を行った人）を加える

수동문에 행위자(동작을 수행한 사람)를 추가하기

The agent (who performed the action) can be added with 'by'. Only include the agent when it adds important information. Often the agent is omitted because it's unknown, obvious, or unimportant.

施事者（执行动作的人）可以用'by'添加。只有当施事者提供重要信息时才包括。通常省略施事者，因为施事者未知、显而易见或不重要。

El agente (quien realizó la acción) puede agregarse con 'by'. Solo incluye el agente cuando agrega información importante. A menudo el agente se omite porque es desconocido, obvio o sin importancia.

行為者（動作を行った人）は「by」で追加できます。行為者が重要な情報を追加する場合にのみ含めます。行為者が不明、明らか、または重要でない場合は省略されることが多いです。

행위자(동작을 수행한 사람)는 'by'로 추가할 수 있습니다. 행위자가 중요한 정보를 더할 때만 포함하세요. 행위자가 불명, 자명, 또는 중요하지 않은 경우에는 흔히 생략합니다.

예문

The book was written by J.K. Rowling.' (agent is important)
这本书是J.K.罗琳写的。'（施事者很重要）
El libro fue escrito por J.K. Rowling.' (el agente es importante)
この本はJ.K.ローリングによって書かれました。'（行為者が重要）
이 책은 J.K. 롤링에 의해 쓰여졌습니다.' (행위자가 중요)
The car was repaired.' (agent not important)
车修好了。'（施事者不重要）
El coche fue reparado.' (el agente no importa)
車は修理されました。'（行為者は重要でない）
차가 수리되었습니다.' (행위자는 중요하지 않음)
The window was broken by the children.' (agent identified)
窗户是被孩子们打碎的。'（施事者已确认）
La ventana fue rota por los niños.' (agente identificado)
窓は子供たちに割られました。'（行為者が特定された）
창문은 아이들에 의해 깨졌습니다.' (행위자가 밝혀짐)
English is spoken by millions of people.
英语被数百万人使用。
El inglés es hablado por millones de personas.
英語は何百万人もの人々に話されています。
영어는 수백만 명의 사람들에 의해 사용됩니다.

발음

사용 가이드

맥락: written, formal, academic

어조: objective

✓ 올바른 표현

The painting was created by Picasso.
这幅画是毕加索创作的。
El cuadro fue creado por Picasso.
この絵はピカソによって描かれました。
이 그림은 피카소에 의해 그려졌습니다.
The thief was caught by the police.
小偷被警察抓住了。
El ladrón fue atrapado por la policía.
泥棒は警察に捕まりました。
도둑은 경찰에게 잡혔습니다.
The email was sent by my colleague.
邮件是我同事发的。
El correo fue enviado por mi colega.
メールは同僚が送りました。
이메일은 동료가 보냈습니다.
The meal was prepared by a famous chef.
这顿饭是著名厨师准备的。
La comida fue preparada por un chef famoso.
食事は有名なシェフが準備しました。
식사는 유명한 셰프가 준비했습니다.
The letter was sent by John.
这封信是约翰寄出的。
La carta fue enviada por John.
その手紙はジョンによって送られました。
그 편지는 존이 보냈습니다.

✗ 잘못된 표현

The painting was created from Picasso. (by, not from)
The painting was created from Picasso.（用by，不是from）
The painting was created from Picasso. (se usa by, no from)
The painting was created from Picasso.（fromではなくbyを使う）
The painting was created from Picasso.（from이 아니라 by를 사용）
The letter was sent. by John. (no period before 'by')
The letter was sent. by John.（'by'前不要加句号）
The letter was sent. by John. (no se pone punto antes de 'by')
The letter was sent. by John.（「by」の前にピリオドを入れない）
The letter was sent. by John.（'by' 앞에 마침표를 넣지 않음）

기원과 역사

Agent inclusion in passive voice

문화적 배경

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

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