How do you use "this/that (Near vs Far)" in a sentence?

This is my book.' (I'm holding it) That is your chair.' (over there) These apples are fresh.' (here) Those mountains are beautiful.' (in the distance)

this/that (Near vs Far)

Q: What does "this/that (Near vs Far)" mean?

Pointing to things by distance 'This/these' for things near the speaker (in space or time). 'That/those' for things far. Also psychological distance: 'This' can show involvement, 'that' shows detachment.

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★★ Very Common Neutral

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의미: Pointing to things by distance

按距离指向事物

Señalar cosas según la distancia

距離によって物を指し示す

거리에 따라 사물을 가리키기

'This/these' for things near the speaker (in space or time). 'That/those' for things far. Also psychological distance: 'This' can show involvement, 'that' shows detachment.

'This/these'用于说话者附近的事物（空间或时间上）。'That/those'用于远处的事物。也表示心理距离：'This'可以表示参与感，'that'表示疏离感。

'This/these' para cosas cerca del hablante (en espacio o tiempo). 'That/those' para cosas lejos. También distancia psicológica: 'This' muestra involucramiento, 'that' muestra distanciamiento.

「This/these」は話し手の近くにあるもの（空間的または時間的）に使います。「That/those」は遠くのものに使います。心理的距離も表します：「This」は関与を、「that」は距離感を示します。

'This/these'는 화자에게 가까운 것 (공간적 또는 시간적)에 사용합니다. 'That/those'는 먼 것에 사용합니다. 심리적 거리도 포함됩니다: 'This'는 관여를, 'that'은 거리감을 나타낼 수 있습니다.

예문

This is my book.' (I'm holding it)
这是我的书。'（我正拿着）
Este es mi libro.' (lo estoy sosteniendo)
これは私の本です。'（私が持っている）
이것은 제 책이에요. (내가 들고 있는)
That is your chair.' (over there)
那是你的椅子。'（在那边）
Esa es tu silla.' (por allá)
それはあなたの椅子です。'（あそこの）
저것은 당신의 의자예요. (저기 있는)
These apples are fresh.' (here)
这些苹果很新鲜。'（在这里）
Estas manzanas están frescas.' (aquí)
これらのリンゴは新鮮です。'（ここにある）
이 사과들은 신선해요. (여기 있는)
Those mountains are beautiful.' (in the distance)
那些山很漂亮。'（在远处）
Esas montañas son hermosas.' (a lo lejos)
あの山々は美しいです。'（遠くにある）
저 산들은 아름다워요. (멀리 있는)

발음

사용 가이드

맥락: spoken, written, everyday

어조: deictic

✓ 올바른 표현

Listen to this! (what I'm about to say)
听听这个！（我要说的话）
¡Escucha esto! (lo que voy a decir)
これを聞いて！（私がこれから言うこと）
이것 좀 들어봐요! (지금부터 말할 내용)
Who was that on the phone?
电话是谁打来的？
¿Quién era al teléfono?
電話は誰だったの？
전화한 사람 누구였어요?
I love this song! (playing now)
我喜欢这首歌！（正在播放的）
¡Me encanta esta canción! (sonando ahora)
この曲が大好き！（今流れている）
이 노래 너무 좋아요! (지금 나오는)
That over there is mine.
那边那个是我的。
Eso de allá es mío.
あそこにあるのは私のです。
저기 있는 저것은 내 것이야.
This here is good.
这个不错。
Esto de aquí está bien.
こちらがいいです。
여기 이것은 좋아.

✗ 잘못된 표현

This over there is mine. (use 'that' for far things)
This over there is mine.（远处的东西用'that'）
This over there is mine. (para cosas lejanas se usa 'that')
This over there is mine.（遠くのものには「that」を使う）
This over there is mine.（먼 것에는 'that'을 사용）
That here is good. (use 'this' for near things)
That here is good.（近处的东西用'this'）
That here is good. (para cosas cercanas se usa 'this')
That here is good.（近くのものには「this」を使う）
That here is good.（가까운 것에는 'this'를 사용）

기원과 역사

Proximal/distal demonstratives

문화적 배경

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

이 주제의 다른 표현

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