How do you use "Modal Perfects" in a sentence?

She must have forgotten.' (certain deduction) He might have misunderstood.' (possibility) They can't have left already.' (impossibility) You should have told me.' (regret/criticism) We could have won.' (missed opportunity)

Modal Perfects

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★☆ Common Neutral

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의미: Modal + have + past participle for past speculation or regret

情态动词 + have + 过去分词表示对过去的推测或遗憾

Modal + have + participio para especulación pasada o arrepentimiento

モーダル + have + 過去分詞で過去の推測や後悔を表す

조동사 + have + 과거분사로 과거의 추측이나 후회를 표현

Modal perfects speculate about the past or express regret. 'Must have' = certain deduction, 'might/may have' = possibility, 'can't have' = impossibility, 'should have' = regret/criticism, 'could have' = missed opportunity.

情态完成式对过去进行推测或表达遗憾。'Must have' = 确定的推断，'might/may have' = 可能性，'can't have' = 不可能，'should have' = 遗憾/批评，'could have' = 错失的机会。

Los modales perfectos especulan sobre el pasado o expresan arrepentimiento. 'Must have' = deducción segura, 'might/may have' = posibilidad, 'can't have' = imposibilidad, 'should have' = arrepentimiento/crítica, 'could have' = oportunidad perdida.

モーダル完了形は過去について推測したり後悔を表したりします。「Must have」= 確実な推測、「might/may have」= 可能性、「can't have」= 不可能、「should have」= 後悔/批判、「could have」= 逃した機会。

조동사 완료형은 과거에 대해 추측하거나 후회를 표현합니다. 'must have' = 확실한 추론, 'might/may have' = 가능성, 'can't have' = 불가능, 'should have' = 후회/비난, 'could have' = 놓친 기회를 나타냅니다.

예문

She must have forgotten.' (certain deduction)
她一定是忘了。'（确定的推断）
Ella debe haberse olvidado.' (deducción segura)
彼女は忘れたに違いない。'（確実な推測）
그녀는 분명 잊었을 거야.' (확실한 추측)
He might have misunderstood.' (possibility)
他可能误解了。'（可能性）
Él podría haber malinterpretado.' (posibilidad)
彼は誤解したかもしれない。'（可能性）
그가 오해했을지도 몰라.' (가능성)
They can't have left already.' (impossibility)
他们不可能已经离开了。'（不可能）
No pueden haberse ido ya.' (imposibilidad)
彼らがもう出発したはずがない。'（不可能）
그들이 벌써 떠났을 리가 없어.' (불가능)
You should have told me.' (regret/criticism)
你应该告诉我的。'（后悔/批评）
Deberías habérmelo dicho.' (arrepentimiento/crítica)
言ってくれればよかったのに。'（後悔/批判）
나한테 말해줬어야지.' (후회/비난)
We could have won.' (missed opportunity)
我们本来可以赢的。'（错失的机会）
Podríamos haber ganado.' (oportunidad perdida)
勝てたのに。'（逃した機会）
우리가 이길 수도 있었는데.' (놓친 기회)

발음

사용 가이드

맥락: spoken, written, everyday

어조: speculative

✓ 올바른 표현

She must have been exhausted.
她一定累坏了。
Ella debe haber estado agotada.
彼女は疲れ果てていたに違いない。
그녀는 지쳐 있었음에 틀림없다.
They might have already heard.
他们可能已经听说了。
Puede que ya lo hayan oído.
彼らはもう聞いたかもしれない。
그들은 이미 들었을지도 모른다.
He couldn't have known.
他不可能知道。
Él no podría haberlo sabido.
彼は知り得なかったはずだ。
그가 알았을 리가 없다.
I should have listened.
我应该听的。
Debería haber escuchado.
聞いておくべきだった。
들을걸 그랬다.
She must have forgotten.
她一定是忘了。
Ella debe haberse olvidado.
彼女は忘れたに違いありません。
그녀는 잊어버렸음에 틀림없습니다.
They might have gone.
他们可能已经走了。
Puede que se hayan ido.
彼らは行ってしまったかもしれません。
그들은 갔을지도 모릅니다.
I should have gone.
我当时应该去的。
Debería haber ido.
行くべきでした。
갈걸 그랬습니다.

✗ 잘못된 표현

She must had forgotten. (have, not had)
She must had forgotten.（应使用have，不是had）
She must had forgotten.（se usa have, no had）
She must had forgotten.（hadではなくhaveを使う）
She must had forgotten.（had가 아니라 have를 사용）
They might have went. (past participle)
They might have went.（应使用过去分词）
They might have went.（se usa el participio pasado）
They might have went.（過去分詞を使う）
They might have went.（과거분사를 사용）
I should have went. (past participle: gone)
I should have went.（过去分词应为gone）
I should have went.（el participio pasado es gone）
I should have went.（過去分詞はgone）
I should have went.（과거분사는 gone）

기원과 역사

Perfect infinitive with modals

문화적 배경

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

이 주제의 다른 표현

would have + past participle ★★★★★ Hypothetical past actions or missed opportunities could have + past participle ★★★★★ Past possibilities that did not happen would rather / would sooner ★★★★☆ Expressing preferences, often contrary to expectations can't have vs mustn't have ★★★★☆ Deductions about impossible past events might have / could have (Criticism) ★★★★☆ Criticizing someone for not doing something would (Annoying Habits) ★★★★☆ Expressing irritation about typical behavior