適応障害

Vocabulary Word Japanese ★★★☆☆ Moderate Neutral
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Meaning: Adjustment disorder — psychological distress caused by difficulty adapting to major life changes like a new job or relocation.

适应障碍——因难以适应换工作、搬家等重大生活变化而导致的心理困扰。
Trastorno adaptativo — malestar psicológico causado por la dificultad para adaptarse a cambios vitales importantes como un nuevo empleo o una mudanza.
적응 장애 — 새 직장이나 이사 등 큰 생활 변화에 적응하기 어려워 생기는 심리적 고통.

適応障害 gained widespread public awareness in Japan when several celebrities and public figures disclosed their diagnoses. Unlike うつ病 (major depression), 適応障害 is understood as being tied to specific stressors — a new workplace, a move, a relationship change — and is expected to improve when the stressor is removed. This distinction has made it easier for some Japanese people to seek help, as it feels less stigmatized than a depression diagnosis. It is particularly associated with workplace changes and is commonly discussed around April, when Japan's fiscal year begins and mass job transfers occur.

適応障害在几位名人和公众人物公开自己的诊断后,在日本获得了广泛的公众认知。与うつ病(重度抑郁症)不同,適応障害被理解为与特定压力源相关——新的工作环境、搬家、人际关系变化——并且在压力源消除后预期会好转。这种区别使得一些日本人更容易寻求帮助,因为与抑郁症的诊断相比,它感觉污名化程度更低。它尤其与职场变动相关,常在每年四月日本新财年开始、大规模人事调动发生时被讨论。
適応障害 ganó una enorme notoriedad pública en Japón cuando varias celebridades y figuras públicas revelaron su diagnóstico. A diferencia del うつ病 (depresión mayor), se entiende que 適応障害 está vinculado a estresores concretos —un nuevo lugar de trabajo, una mudanza, un cambio de relación— y se espera que mejore cuando el estresor desaparece. Esta distinción ha facilitado que algunos japoneses busquen ayuda, ya que se percibe como menos estigmatizado que un diagnóstico de depresión. Se asocia especialmente con los cambios laborales y se habla mucho de él en abril, cuando comienza el año fiscal japonés y se producen los traslados masivos de personal.
適応障害는 여러 유명인과 공인이 진단 사실을 공개하면서 일본에서 폭넓게 인식되었다. うつ病(주요 우울증)과 달리, 適応障害는 특정 스트레스 요인 — 새 직장, 이사, 관계 변화 — 에 묶여 있으며, 스트레스 요인이 제거되면 호전될 것으로 기대된다. 이 구별 덕분에 일부 일본인들은 우울증 진단보다 낙인이 적다고 느끼며 더 쉽게 도움을 구하게 되었다. 특히 직장 변화와 관련이 깊어, 일본 회계연도가 시작되고 대규모 인사이동이 이뤄지는 4월에 자주 논의된다.

Examples

  1. 転職してすぐ適応障害って診断されて、しばらく休職してた。
    刚换工作就被诊断为适应障碍,休了一段时间的假。
    Nada más cambiar de trabajo me diagnosticaron trastorno adaptativo y estuve de baja un tiempo.
    이직하자마자 적응 장애 진단을 받아서 한동안 휴직했어.
  2. 適応障害は環境を変えれば良くなることが多いらしいよ。
    听说适应障碍很多情况下换个环境就会好转。
    Dicen que el trastorno adaptativo suele mejorar cuando cambias de entorno.
    적응 장애는 환경을 바꾸면 좋아지는 경우가 많대.
  3. 有名人が適応障害を公表してから、周りでも理解が広がった気がする。
    自从名人公开自己患有适应障碍后,感觉周围人对此的理解也增多了。
    Desde que algunos famosos hicieron público su trastorno adaptativo, tengo la sensación de que la gente a mi alrededor lo entiende más.
    유명인이 적응 장애를 공표한 이후로, 주변에서도 이해가 넓어진 것 같아.

Pronunciation

/te.ki.oː.ɕoː.ɡa.i/

Usage Guide

Context: workplace, healthcare, social media, daily conversation

Tone: serious, informative

✓ Do Say

  • 適応障害って診断されたけど、環境変えたら良くなったよ。 (I was diagnosed with adjustment disorder, but it got better when I changed my environment.)
    虽然被诊断为适应障碍,但换了环境之后就好了。(I was diagnosed with adjustment disorder, but it got better when I changed my environment.)
    Me diagnosticaron trastorno adaptativo, pero mejoré cuando cambié de entorno.
    적응 장애 진단을 받았는데, 환경을 바꾸니까 좋아졌어.
  • 適応障害はうつ病とは違って、原因がはっきりしてることが多い。 (Unlike depression, adjustment disorder often has a clear cause.)
    适应障碍和抑郁症不同,往往有明确的原因。(Unlike depression, adjustment disorder often has a clear cause.)
    A diferencia de la depresión, el trastorno adaptativo suele tener una causa clara.
    적응 장애는 우울증과 다르게, 원인이 명확한 경우가 많아.

✗ Don't Say

  • 「適応障害なんて慣れれば治る」は理解不足 (Saying 'adjustment disorder will go away once you get used to it' shows a lack of understanding — the condition requires proper support)
    说'适应障碍习惯了就好了'是缺乏理解的表现——这种状况需要适当的支持和帮助
    Decir «el trastorno adaptativo se pasa en cuanto te acostumbras» demuestra falta de comprensión — el trastorno requiere un apoyo adecuado.
    「적응 장애는 익숙해지면 낫는다」는 이해 부족이야 — 적절한 지원이 필요한 상태다

Common Mistakes

Origin & History

Medical term from 適応 (adaptation) + 障害 (disorder). Entered public consciousness in the 2010s-2020s as celebrities disclosed their diagnoses and workplace mental health became a major social issue.

Cultural Context

Era: 2010s-2020s, public awareness boosted by celebrity disclosures

Generation: All ages, especially working adults

Social background: Universal

Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Particularly relevant around April when major job transfers (人事異動) occur at the start of the fiscal year.

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