睡眠負債
Meaning: Sleep debt — the accumulated deficit from chronically not getting enough sleep, which cannot be repaid by weekend sleeping in.
睡眠負債 became a buzzword in Japan after NHK and other media ran features on the concept, shocking viewers with the revelation that sleep lost during the week cannot simply be 'repaid' by sleeping in on weekends. The term hit a nerve in Japan, where working long hours and sleeping little has long been normalized or even glorified. Research showed that Japanese people average some of the least sleep in the world, and 睡眠負債 gave a concrete, financial-sounding name to the consequences. The 'debt' metaphor resonated with the idea that sleep loss accumulates with interest.
Examples
- 平日の睡眠負債を週末の寝だめで返すのは無理らしいよ。 据说工作日欠下的睡眠债靠周末补觉是还不了的。Parece que es imposible compensar la deuda de sueño de la semana durmiendo más el fin de semana.평일 수면 부채를 주말에 몰아 자는 걸로 갚는 건 무리래.
- 日本人は睡眠負債が世界的に見ても深刻なんだって。 听说日本人的睡眠负债在全世界来看都算严重的。Dicen que los japoneses tienen una deuda de sueño grave incluso a nivel mundial.일본인의 수면 부채는 세계적으로 봐도 심각하대.
- 睡眠負債がたまると集中力も免疫力も落ちるから怖い。 睡眠负债一旦累积,注意力和免疫力都会下降,很可怕。Da miedo porque cuando se acumula la deuda de sueño, bajan tanto la concentración como las defensas.수면 부채가 쌓이면 집중력도 면역력도 떨어지니까 무서워.
Pronunciation
/su.i.miɴ.ɸu.sa.i/
Usage Guide
Context: health, media, social media, daily conversation
Tone: cautionary, educational
✓ Do Say
- 睡眠負債やばいから、今日は早く寝る。 (My sleep debt is terrible, so I'm going to bed early tonight.)睡眠负债太严重了,今天要早点睡。Tengo una deuda de sueño terrible, así que esta noche me acuesto pronto.수면 부채가 심해서 오늘은 일찍 잘 거야.
- 睡眠負債は週末の寝だめじゃ解消できないんだよ。 (You can't clear sleep debt just by sleeping in on weekends.)睡眠负债靠周末补觉是消不掉的。La deuda de sueño no se puede saldar solo durmiendo más el fin de semana.수면 부채는 주말에 몰아 자는 걸로 해소 안 돼.
✗ Don't Say
- 「寝てないアピール」は睡眠負債を増やすだけ — 短時間睡眠を自慢しない ('Look how little I slept' bragging just increases sleep debt — don't glorify being sleep-deprived)炫耀自己没怎么睡只会增加睡眠负债——别把缺觉当成值得骄傲的事Presumir de 'mira lo poco que he dormido' solo aumenta la deuda de sueño: no glorifiques la falta de sueño.'나 잠 안 잤어' 자랑은 수면 부채만 늘릴 뿐 — 짧은 수면을 자랑하지 말 것
Common Mistakes
- Believing 寝だめ (binge sleeping on weekends) can repay 睡眠負債 — research shows irregular sleep patterns actually worsen the problem
Origin & History
Translation of English 'sleep debt' (originally coined by sleep researcher William Dement). Became a major buzzword in Japan around 2017 when NHK featured the concept, raising alarm about Japan's chronic sleep deprivation.
Cultural Context
Era: 2017 NHK feature, buzzword from late 2010s
Generation: All ages, awareness-raising concept
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Particularly impactful in a culture where sleeping little was traditionally seen as diligent. Japan consistently ranks among the most sleep-deprived OECD nations.
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