未練
Meaning: Lingering attachment or unresolved feelings for an ex or a past situation — the inability to fully move on.
未練 describes the emotional state of not being able to let go of a past relationship or love. It implies a mixture of regret, nostalgia, and desire to return to what was. Common expressions include 未練がある (to have lingering attachment), 未練がましい (to be pitifully attached), and 未練を断ち切る (to cut off lingering feelings).
Examples
- 別れたのに未練があって、SNS毎日チェックしちゃう。 明明已经分手了,但还是放不下,每天都忍不住去刷对方的社交媒体。Aunque hemos roto, sigo teniendo apego y no puedo dejar de mirar sus redes sociales todos los días.헤어졌는데 미련이 있어서 SNS를 매일 확인하게 돼.
- 未練を断ち切るために、写真全部消した。 为了斩断这份留恋,我把照片全都删了。Para cortar con ese apego, borré todas las fotos.미련을 끊기 위해 사진을 전부 지웠어.
- まだ未練があるって自分でもわかってるけど、どうしようもない。 自己也知道还没放下,但就是没办法。Sé que aún sigo enganchado/a, pero no puedo hacer nada al respecto.아직 미련이 있다는 걸 나도 알지만, 어쩔 수가 없어.
Pronunciation
/mi.ɾe.n/
Usage Guide
Context: friends, self-reflection, counseling
Tone: melancholic, introspective
✓ Do Say
- まだ未練あるんでしょ?正直に言いなよ。 (You still have feelings, don't you? Be honest.)你其实还没放下吧?老实说嘛。(You still have feelings, don't you? Be honest.)Aún sigues enganchado/a, ¿no? Sé sincero/a.아직 미련 있는 거지? 솔직하게 말해봐. (You still have feelings, don't you? Be honest.)
- 未練を捨てて次に進まないと。 (I need to let go and move on.)得放下执念,向前看了。(I need to let go and move on.)Tengo que dejar de aferrarme y seguir adelante.미련을 버리고 다음으로 나아가야 해. (I need to let go and move on.)
✗ Don't Say
- 「未練がましい」と直接言うのはきつい (Calling someone 未練がましい (pitifully clingy) to their face is harsh)当面说别人「未練がましい」(恋恋不舍得可怜)太伤人(Calling someone 未練がましい (pitifully clingy) to their face is harsh)Decirle a alguien 未練がましい (patéticamente aferrado/a) a la cara es muy duro상대에게 직접 '未練がましい(미련스럽다)'라고 말하면 상처가 된다 (상대 앞에서 '미련스럽다'라고 하면 매우 가혹하게 들림)
Common Mistakes
- Confusing 未練 with 後悔 (regret) — 未練 is specifically about lingering attachment to someone, while 後悔 is about wishing you had done something differently
Origin & History
From 未 (not yet) + 練 (refine/temper). Literally 'not yet tempered/refined,' suggesting incomplete emotional processing. Originally a Buddhist concept about worldly attachments preventing spiritual progress.
Cultural Context
Era: Classical Japanese, continuously used
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. A literary yet everyday term for emotional attachment.
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