肩こり
Meaning: Stiff shoulders; chronic tension and pain in the shoulder and upper back area.
肩こり is considered Japan's national ailment — surveys consistently rank it as the number one physical complaint, especially among office workers. The concept is so embedded in Japanese culture that it has no direct English equivalent (English speakers might say 'stiff neck' or 'shoulder tension,' but neither captures exactly what 肩こり means to Japanese people). Remedies form their own industry: massage, patches, hot springs, stretching exercises, and ergonomic products.
Examples
- デスクワークで肩こりがやばいからマッサージ予約した。 坐办公室肩膀僵硬得不行,已经预约了按摩。De tanto trabajar en el escritorio tengo una contractura de hombros horrible, así que he reservado un masaje.데스크 워크 때문에 어깨 결림이 장난 아니라서 마사지 예약했어.
- 肩こりに効くストレッチYouTubeで見てやってるよ。 在YouTube上找了对肩膀僵硬有效的拉伸动作在做。Estoy haciendo estiramientos para la rigidez de hombros que vi en YouTube.어깨 결림에 좋은 스트레칭 유튜브에서 보고 따라 하고 있어.
- 肩こりひどすぎて頭痛まで来るんだけど。 肩膀僵硬到连头都开始疼了。Tengo los hombros tan cargados que me da hasta dolor de cabeza.어깨 결림이 너무 심해서 두통까지 오는데.
Pronunciation
/ka.ta.ko.ɾi/
Usage Guide
Context: daily conversation, workplace, health
Tone: complaining, relatable
✓ Do Say
- 肩こりひどいなら温めるのがいいよ。 (If your shoulder stiffness is bad, warming them up helps.)肩膀僵硬严重的话,热敷一下比较好。Si tienes mucha rigidez en los hombros, aplicar calor va muy bien.어깨 결림이 심하면 따뜻하게 해주는 게 좋아. (어깨 뻐근한 게 심하면 온찜질이 도움이 돼.)
- 肩こりって日本人の国民病だよね。 (Stiff shoulders are Japan's national ailment, right?)肩膀僵硬真的是日本的国民病啊。La contractura de hombros es la dolencia nacional de Japón, ¿verdad?어깨 결림은 일본인의 국민병이지. (어깨 결림은 일본의 국민 질환이잖아.)
✗ Don't Say
- 海外で 'katakori' とそのまま言っても通じない — 'stiff shoulders' や 'neck tension' と言い換える (Saying 'katakori' directly overseas won't be understood — use 'stiff shoulders' or 'neck tension')在国外直接说'katakori'别人听不懂——要用'stiff shoulders'或'neck tension'来表达En el extranjero, decir 'katakori' directamente no se entiende — hay que usar 'stiff shoulders' o 'neck tension'해외에서 'katakori'라고 그대로 말해도 안 통해 — 'stiff shoulders'나 'neck tension'으로 바꿔 말해야 해 ('가타코리'라고 직접 말하면 외국에서는 이해 못 해 — 'stiff shoulders'나 'neck tension'이라고 해야 해)
Common Mistakes
- Thinking 肩こり is just about the shoulders — it often involves the entire upper back and neck area
Origin & History
Compound of 肩 (shoulder) + こり (stiffness, from 凝る = to stiffen/tense up). Japanese novelist Natsume Sōseki is sometimes credited with popularizing the term in the early 1900s, though the condition was described earlier.
Cultural Context
Era: Centuries-old concept, popularized term from early 1900s
Generation: All ages, especially office workers
Social background: Universal
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Considered the quintessential Japanese physical complaint. Some linguists argue the concept became more 'felt' after it was named.
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