引きこもり
Meaning: A social recluse who withdraws from society and stays confined at home, often for months or years.
引きこもり describes both the condition and the person. Japan's Ministry of Health defines it as someone who has remained isolated at home for six months or more without attending school or work. While it began as a youth phenomenon, '8050 problem' (80-year-old parents supporting 50-year-old hikikomori) has become a major social issue. The term is used both clinically and casually.
Examples
- 弟が引きこもりになって3年、家族みんな心配してる。 弟弟已经蹲在家里三年了,全家人都很担心。Mi hermano lleva tres años como hikikomori, toda la familia está preocupada.남동생이 히키코모리가 된 지 3년, 가족 모두 걱정하고 있어.
- 週末ずっと家にいたら友達に引きこもりって言われた。 周末一直宅在家里,被朋友说成了家里蹲。Me quedé todo el fin de semana en casa y mis amigos me llamaron hikikomori.주말 내내 집에 있었더니 친구한테 히키코모리라는 소리 들었어.
- 引きこもりから社会復帰するのは本当に大変らしい。 从家里蹲到重新融入社会,据说真的非常艰难。Al parecer, reintegrarse en la sociedad después de ser hikikomori es realmente difícil.히키코모리에서 사회에 복귀하는 건 정말 힘들다고 하더라.
Pronunciation
/çi.ki.ko.mo.ɾi/
Usage Guide
Context: social commentary, mental health, casual teasing, news media
Tone: serious or light depending on context
✓ Do Say
- 今日は引きこもりデーにする (Today's going to be a shut-in day)今天就当个快乐宅吧(今天就宅在家一天)今日は引きこもりデーにする (Hoy va a ser un día de encierro total)今日は引きこもりデーにする (오늘은 집순이/집돌이의 날로 하자)
- 引きこもり問題は社会全体で考えないと (The hikikomori issue needs to be addressed by society as a whole)蹲族问题必须全社会一起来思考(家里蹲的问题需要整个社会共同关注)引きこもり問題は社会全体で考えないと (El problema de los hikikomori tiene que abordarse como sociedad en su conjunto)引きこもり問題は社会全体で考えないと (히키코모리 문제는 사회 전체가 함께 고민해야 해)
✗ Don't Say
- 実際に苦しんでいる人に冗談で「引きこもりじゃん」は傷つける (Jokingly calling someone who is genuinely struggling a hikikomori is hurtful)对真正深受其苦的人开玩笑说「你不就是个家里蹲嘛」会伤害到对方実際に苦しんでいる人に冗談で「引きこもりじゃん」は傷つける (Llamar hikikomori en broma a alguien que realmente lo está pasando mal es hiriente)실제로 힘들어하는 사람에게 농담으로 '너 히키코모리잖아'라고 하면 상처가 된다
Common Mistakes
- Using 引きこもり casually for just staying home one weekend — true hikikomori is a serious long-term condition
- Assuming all hikikomori are young — the average age has risen significantly, with many in their 40s-50s
Origin & History
From 引く (to pull) + こもる (to seclude oneself). Psychiatrist Tamaki Saitō popularised the term in his 1998 book '社会的ひきこもり.' The phenomenon gained widespread attention in the 2000s as an emerging social crisis.
Cultural Context
Era: 1990s-2000s recognition as social phenomenon
Generation: Originally youth, now spans all ages (8050 problem)
Social background: Cross-class social issue
Regional notes: Used across all of Japan. Internationally recognised Japanese term. Estimated over 1 million people in Japan meet the definition.
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