Abstract Concepts

High-frequency abstract vocabulary

はじめに

具体的なモノだけでなく、私たちは常にアイデアや性質、抽象的な概念について話しています。こうした高頻度の抽象語は、洗練されたコミュニケーションに不可欠です。

この章では、一般的な英語で頻繁に登場する抽象的な語彙を取り上げます。アイデア、性質、状態、概念を表す言葉を学んで、複雑な考えを表現できるようになりましょう。

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この章の英単語一覧（1595）

• be To exist or live; to have a particular quality, state, or identity
• and Used to connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance
• of Expressing the relationship between a part and a whole; belonging to
• to Expressing direction, destination, or the infinitive form of a verb
• a Used before a noun to indicate one single thing or person
• in Located inside a place, area, or container; during a period of time
• have To possess, own, or hold; used as an auxiliary verb for perfect tenses
• it Used to refer to a thing previously mentioned or easily identified
• you Used to refer to the person or people being addressed
• he Used to refer to a male person or animal previously mentioned
• for Indicating purpose, recipient, duration, or reason
• they Used to refer to people or things previously mentioned or easily identified
• not Used to make a word, phrase, or clause negative
• that Used to identify a specific person or thing; introducing a clause
• we Used by a speaker to refer to themselves and one or more other people
• on Physically touching and supported by a surface; happening at a particular time
• with Accompanied by; having or possessing; using
• this Used to identify a specific person or thing close at hand or being indicated
• i Used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself
• do To perform or carry out an action; used as an auxiliary verb
• as Used in comparisons; during the time that; because
• at Expressing location or arrival at a specific point; expressing a particular time
• she Used to refer to a female person or animal previously mentioned
• but Used to introduce something contrasting with what has been said
• from Indicating the point of origin in space, time, or source
• by Indicating the agent performing an action; near or beside; not later than
• will Expressing the future tense; expressing willingness or intention
• or Used to link alternatives; otherwise
• so To such a great extent; therefore; in order that
• all The whole quantity or extent of; every one of
• if Introducing a conditional clause; whether
• one The number 1; a single person or thing; used to refer to people in general
• would Past tense of will; expressing conditional or polite requests
• about On the subject of; approximately; in the area of
• can To be able to; to have permission to
• which Asking for information specifying one from a set; introducing additional info...
• there In, at, or to that place; used to introduce the existence of something
• more A greater or additional amount or degree
• who What or which person or people; the person that
• think To have a belief or opinion; to use the mind to consider
• make To create, produce, or cause to happen
• see To perceive with the eyes; to understand; to meet
• what Asking for information about something; the thing that
• up Towards a higher position; to a greater degree or amount
• some An unspecified amount or number of; approximately
• other Different from the one already mentioned; additional
• out Away from the inside; not at home; no longer burning or shining
• no Used to give a negative response; not any
• well In a good or satisfactory way; in good health; used to introduce a remark
• very In a high degree; extremely; actual or precise
• just Very recently; exactly; only; fair and reasonable
• could Past tense of can; used to express possibility or make polite requests
• than Used to introduce the second element in a comparison
• also In addition; too; as well
• into Expressing movement to a point inside; change of state
• only Solely; no more than; single or unique
• look To direct your eyes; to appear or seem
• give To freely transfer possession of something to someone
• new Recently made, discovered, or created; not existing before
• find To discover by searching or by chance; to consider or regard
• over Above; more than; finished; across
• any One or some, no matter which; used in questions and negatives
• where In or to what place or position; in which
• most The greatest in amount or degree; the majority of
• should Used to indicate obligation, expectation, or advice
• much A large amount; to a great extent or degree
• how In what manner or way; to what extent or degree
• mean To signify or indicate; unkind; an average
• even Used for emphasis; flat and level; divisible by two
• here In, at, or to this place or position
• such Of the type previously mentioned; to so great a degree
• really In actual fact; used to emphasise something as true or to express surprise
• through Moving from one side to another; by means of; from beginning to end
• change To make or become different; coins or money returned after a purchase
• long Of great length in space or time; to want something very much
• between In the space separating two things; in the interval separating two points
• too To a higher degree than desirable; in addition; also
• still Continuing to happen; not moving; nevertheless
• problem A matter that is difficult to deal with; a question to be solved
• same Identical; not different; unchanged
• lot A large amount or number; a group of items; a plot of land
• try To make an attempt; to test something; to examine in court
• number A mathematical value; a quantity; a telephone number
• both The two; the one as well as the other
• part A portion or section; a role in a play; to separate
• point A sharp end; a main idea; a unit of scoring; to indicate direction
• little Small in size or amount; young; not much
• help To assist; to make something easier; assistance
• another One more; a different one
• old Having lived for many years; former; of a specified age
• each Every one of two or more considered individually
• high Of great vertical extent; above normal level; important
• off Away from; not operating; from a place
• next Immediately following in time, order, or place
• why For what reason or purpose; used to ask about cause
• world The earth and all its inhabitants; a realm or domain
• might Used to express possibility; past tense of may; great power or strength
• must Used to express obligation, necessity, or logical conclusion
• include To contain as part of a whole; to make someone or something part of a group
• group A number of people or things together; to arrange into categories
• case An instance or example; a legal matter; a container
• around In a circle or on all sides; approximately; in various places
• seem To give the impression of being; to appear
• let To allow or permit; to rent out property
• again Once more; another time; returning to a previous state
• kind A type or category; having a gentle and caring nature
• big Of considerable size, extent, or importance
• set To put in a specified place or position; a group of things; fixed or rigid
• small Of limited size or extent; minor in importance
• follow To go or come after; to act according to; to understand
• since From a past time until now; because
• under Below or beneath; less than; subject to authority or influence
• few A small number of; not many
• state A condition or situation; a nation or territory; to express formally
• fact Something that is known to be true or to have happened
• however Despite that; nevertheless; in whatever way
• area A region or part of a place; a subject or field of activity
• provide To supply or make available something that is needed or wanted
• name A word or set of words by which a person, place, or thing is known
• large Of considerable or relatively great size, extent, or capacity
• without In the absence of; not having or using
• issue An important topic or problem; an edition of a magazine or newspaper
• against In opposition to; in contact with; in contrast to
• believe To accept something as true; to have faith or confidence in
• though Despite the fact that; however
• yes Used to give an affirmative response or express agreement
• increase To become or make greater in size, amount, or degree
• plan A detailed proposal for doing something; to decide on and arrange in advance
• result A consequence, effect, or outcome of an action
• offer To present something for someone to accept or reject
• young Having lived or existed for only a short time; not old
• thank To express gratitude to someone
• far At or to a great distance; by a great deal
• idea A thought or suggestion about a possible course of action
• less A smaller amount or degree; not as much
• until Up to a particular time or point
• form A shape, type, or document; to create or develop
• level A position on a scale; a flat horizontal surface; degree or amount
• experience Knowledge or skill gained over time; an event that affects you
• member A person who belongs to a group or organisation
• enough As much or as many as needed; sufficiently
• bad Of poor quality; unpleasant; harmful or wrong
• able Having the power, skill, or means to do something
• whether Used to express a choice or doubt between alternatives
• line A long narrow mark; a row of people or things; a route
• side A surface, edge, or area; a position in a conflict or debate
• quite Fairly, to a certain degree; completely
• although Despite the fact that; even though
• sure Certain, confident; yes (informal agreement)
• term A word or expression; a fixed period; conditions of an agreement
• least The smallest amount or degree; to the minimum extent
• age The length of time someone has lived; a historical period
• low Not high in position, amount, or intensity; below average
• within Inside; not beyond a particular limit; during a period of time
• possible Able to be done or achieved; perhaps true
• actually In fact; in reality; used to correct or contradict
• rather Somewhat; to a certain degree; preferably
• view What can be seen; an opinion; to look at or consider
• consider To think carefully about; to regard as; to take into account
• hard Solid and firm; difficult; with great effort
• party A social gathering; a political organisation; a person or group involved in s...
• local Relating to a particular place or area nearby; a person who lives in an area
• control Power to direct or manage; to have power over; to regulate
• product Something made or manufactured; the result of a process
• almost Very nearly; not quite
• continue To keep doing something; to go on without stopping
• whole Complete, entire; all of something
• yet Up until now; still; but, however
• rate A measure or speed of something; a charge or price; to evaluate
• expect To think something will happen; to require or demand
• effect A result or consequence; an impression produced
• sort A type or kind; to arrange or organise
• ever At any time; always
• fall To drop down from a higher position; a decrease; autumn (American)
• deal An agreement or transaction; a large amount; to handle or distribute
• allow To permit or let something happen; to make possible
• base The bottom or foundation; to use as a starting point
• probably Most likely; in all probability
• center The middle point or place; a building for specific activities
• grow To increase in size or develop; to cultivate plants
• matter A subject or situation; physical substance; to be important
• mind The thinking part of a person; to object to; to be careful about
• record Written account or evidence; best performance; to store information
• stay To remain in a place; to continue in a state; a period of staying
• force Physical strength or power; to make someone do something
• stop To cease movement or action; a place where buses or trains halt
• several More than two but not very many
• remember To recall or keep in mind; to not forget to do something
• bit A small amount or piece of something; slightly or to some degree
• real Actually existing or happening; genuine, not fake or imaginary
• figure A number or numerical symbol; a person's body shape; to calculate or understand
• decide To make a choice or reach a conclusion after considering options
• half One of two equal parts; 50 percent of something
• break To separate into pieces by force; a pause or interruption; a period of rest
• either One or the other of two; used in negative statements to mean also
• per For each; for every unit of
• remain To stay in the same place or condition; to continue to exist
• top The highest point or part; the best or most important; a piece of clothing fo...
• among In the middle of or surrounded by; included in a group
• color The property of objects that produces different sensations on the eye (Britis...
• involve To include as a necessary part; to make someone take part in something
• reach To arrive at a place; to stretch out your arm to touch or get something
• social Relating to society or its organisation; relating to interaction between people
• across From one side to the other; on the opposite side
• note A short written message; a musical sound; to notice or pay attention to
• along Moving forward on a path; in a line beside something; accompanying someone
• type A category or kind of thing; to write using a keyboard
• free Not costing money; not restricted or controlled; to release from captivity
• receive To get or be given something; to experience or be subjected to
• sale The act of selling something; a period when goods are sold at reduced prices
• further To a greater degree or extent; additional; to advance or promote something
• require To need something or make it necessary
• wait To stay in place expecting something to happen
• easy Not difficult; achieved without great effort
• full Containing as much as possible; complete
• black The darkest colour; the opposite of white
• sense A faculty for perceiving; good judgement; meaning
• perhaps Possibly; maybe
• add To put something together with something else; to calculate the total
• pass To go past; to succeed in an exam; to hand something to someone
• short Not long in length, distance, or time; lacking
• cover To place something over; to include or deal with
• activity Something done for interest or purpose; the state of being active
• shop A place where goods are sold; to buy things
• major Very important or significant; a military rank
• someone An unspecified or unknown person
• above At a higher level or position than; more than
• design To plan and create something; a plan or pattern
• special Different from normal; unique or for a particular purpose
• condition The state of something; a requirement; a health problem
• choose To select from options; to decide on something
• decision A choice or conclusion reached after consideration
• certain Sure; without doubt; particular but not named
• main Chief in size, importance, or extent; principal
• die To cease living; to stop functioning or existing
• cut To divide or separate with a sharp instrument; to reduce
• himself Used to refer back to a male subject; used for emphasis
• especially Particularly; to a greater degree than usual
• rise To move upward; to increase in amount or level
• else In addition; different; otherwise
• particular Specific; special; fussy about details
• role A function or position; a part played by an actor
• join To become a member of; to connect or combine
• difficult Hard to do, understand, or deal with; challenging
• please Used to add politeness to requests; to give pleasure or satisfaction
• detail A small individual feature or item; a minor aspect
• difference The way in which things are not the same; a disagreement
• action The process of doing something; a deed or activity
• step A movement made by lifting the foot and putting it down; a stage in a process
• true In accordance with fact; genuine or real
• themselves Used to refer back to a plural subject; used for emphasis
• model A representation or example; a person who poses or displays clothes
• raise To lift up; to increase; to bring up children or animals
• front The forward part or side; the area before something
• outside On or to the exterior; not within a place or group
• behind At the back of; supporting; later than expected
• economic Relating to the economy, trade, or the management of money
• sign A notice giving information; an indication; to write one's name
• amount A quantity or sum of something
• regard To consider or think of in a particular way; respect or attention
• organization A group of people working together for a purpose; the act of arranging things
• act To do something; a thing done; a law passed by parliament
• range A variety of different things; the extent between limits
• quality The standard of something; a characteristic or feature
• round Circular in shape; a stage in a competition; around
• accord Agreement or harmony; to give or grant
• list A series of items written or printed together; to include in a list
• wish To want something to happen or be true; a desire or hope
• therefore For that reason; as a result; consequently
• kill To cause the death of; to end or destroy something
• certainly Without doubt; yes, of course
• itself Used to refer back to a thing previously mentioned; used for emphasis
• security Protection from danger or harm; a feeling of safety
• risk The possibility of something bad happening; to expose to danger
• percent One part in every hundred; the rate per hundred
• focus The centre of interest or attention; to concentrate on something
• stage A phase or step in a process; a platform for performances
• space An area or expanse; room to move or fit; outer space
• realize To become aware of something; to make something happen
• chance A possibility or opportunity; luck or fortune
• common Occurring frequently; shared by many; ordinary
• culture The customs, arts, and beliefs of a society; refined taste
• total The complete amount; absolute; to add up to
• material Physical substance; fabric; information or content
• limit A point beyond which something cannot go; to restrict
• due Expected at a certain time; owed; caused by
• wrong Not correct or true; immoral or unjust
• effort Physical or mental exertion; an attempt to do something
• attention The act of focusing the mind; notice or interest
• upon On; immediately after; about to happen
• check To examine or verify; to stop or control; a pattern of squares
• complete Having all parts; to finish; total or absolute
• lie To say something untrue; to be in a horizontal position
• pick To choose or select; to gather by hand; to take individual items
• reduce To make smaller or less; to decrease
• ground The surface of the earth; a reason or basis; an area for a purpose
• exist To be real or present; to live
• similar Like something else but not exactly the same
• fight To struggle physically or with effort; a battle or conflict
• fine Of high quality; satisfactory; a penalty payment; thin or delicate
• former Previous; belonging to an earlier time; the first of two mentioned
• contact Communication or connection; to get in touch with someone
• particularly Especially; to a higher degree than usual or than others
• response A reply or reaction to something
• piece A part or portion of something; an individual item
• suppose To assume or believe something is true; to be expected to
• compare To examine similarities and differences between things
• store A shop; a supply of something; to keep for future use
• laugh To make sounds expressing amusement; a sound of laughter
• source The origin or cause of something; a place where something comes from
• simply In a simple way; just; absolutely
• firm A business company; solid and hard; determined and resolute
• fast Moving or able to move quickly; firmly fixed; to not eat for a period
• attack To use violence against; a sudden occurrence of illness; aggressive criticism
• factor A circumstance that contributes to a result; a number in multiplication
• pretty Attractive in a delicate way; fairly or quite
• affect To have an influence on; to cause a change in someone or something
• drop To fall or let fall; a small amount of liquid; a decrease
• official Authorised or approved; a person holding public office
• miss To fail to hit, catch, or reach; to feel sad about absence; a title for an un...
• private Personal and not for sharing; not public or government-owned
• page One side of a sheet of paper in a book; a webpage; to call someone
• opinion A personal view or judgement about something
• park A public green space for recreation; to leave a vehicle somewhere
• inside The inner part, surface, or area of something
• contain To have or hold something within; to keep something under control
• wonder To feel curiosity or desire to know something; a feeling of amazement
• structure The way in which parts are arranged to form a whole; a building or framework
• section A distinct part of something larger, such as a document or organisation
• myself Reflexive pronoun used when the speaker is both subject and object; used for ...
• exactly In a precise manner; without any deviation; used to confirm agreement
• press To push firmly; newspapers and journalists collectively; a printing machine
• necessary Needed or essential for a particular purpose
• region A large area of land with particular characteristics; an administrative area
• growth The process of increasing in size, number, value, or importance
• evening The period of time at the end of the day, usually from about 6 pm to bedtime
• respect Admiration for someone based on their qualities; due regard for others' feelings
• various Different from one another; of different kinds or sorts
• thus As a result of this; in this way (formal)
• skill The ability to do something well, usually acquired through training and exper...
• attempt To try to do something, especially something difficult; an effort to achieve ...
• simple Easy to understand, do, or use; plain or basic
• medium Of middle size, quality, or degree; a means of communication
• average A typical or normal number or amount; ordinary or not exceptional
• character The distinctive qualities of a person; a person in a story; a letter or symbol
• establish To set up or create something on a firm basis; to prove something to be true
• indeed Used to emphasise a statement; in fact; used to confirm something
• guy An informal term for a man or boy; in plural, used to address a group of people
• size The overall dimensions, magnitude, or extent of something
• behavior The way in which a person, animal, or thing acts or conducts itself
• addition The act of adding something; something that has been added; mathematical sum
• determine To discover the facts; to firmly decide; to be the decisive factor
• population All the inhabitants of a particular place; the total number of people
• fail To be unsuccessful; to not achieve the desired outcome
• production The process of making or manufacturing goods; the amount produced
• contract A written legal agreement; to make a formal agreement; to become smaller
• enter To come or go into a place; to begin to take part in something
• occur To happen or take place, especially unexpectedly
• alone Without any other people; by oneself
• significant Important or large enough to have an effect or be noticed
• series A number of similar things or events coming one after another
• direct Going straight to a place without stopping; to guide or manage
• success The achievement of a goal or the favourable outcome of something attempted
• director A person who manages or oversees an organisation or creative project
• lack The state of being without something or not having enough of it
• review A formal assessment or examination; a critical appraisal of a book, film, etc.
• recognize To identify someone or something from previous knowledge; to acknowledge
• purpose The reason for which something is done or the intended aim
• gain To obtain or acquire something; an increase or profit
• board A flat piece of wood or other material; a group of people who manage an organ...
• mark A visible impression or sign; a grade given for schoolwork
• church A building used for Christian religious services; an organised Christian group
• achieve To successfully reach a desired goal or result through effort
• item A single thing, especially one that is part of a list or collection
• cent A monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a dollar or euro
• stuff Things, objects, or matters in a general or unspecified way
• wide Having a large distance from one side to the other; extending over a large area
• anyone Any person, without specifying who
• method A systematic way of doing something; a planned procedure
• analysis Detailed examination of something to understand or explain it
• club An organisation of people with a common interest; a venue for entertainment
• below At a lower level or position than something else
• sorry Feeling regret or sympathy; used to apologise
• statement A definite or clear expression of something in speech or writing
• link A connection between two things; to connect or associate
• despite Without being affected by; in spite of
• introduce To make someone known to another person; to bring something into use for the ...
• advantage A condition or circumstance that puts one in a favourable position
• strike To hit forcefully; a work stoppage by employees
• seek To try to find or obtain something; to look for
• ability The capacity or power to do something
• unit A single thing or person regarded as part of a whole; a standard quantity
• quickly At a fast speed; in a short time
• interview A formal meeting to assess someone's suitability; a conversation for publication
• release To set free; to make available to the public
• solution A means of solving a problem; a liquid mixture
• capital The chief city of a country; wealth used to generate more wealth
• popular Liked or admired by many people; widely enjoyed
• specific Clearly defined or identified; particular
• beautiful Very pleasing to look at or listen to; having beauty
• aim A purpose or intention; to point or direct toward a target
• serious Requiring careful thought; not joking or frivolous
• pull To exert force on something to move it toward oneself
• red The colour at the end of the visible spectrum; resembling blood or fire
• access The ability or right to enter, reach, or use something
• movement The act of moving or changing position; a group working for a cause
• identify To recognise or establish who or what someone or something is
• shall Used to express the future or to make offers, suggestions, or ask for advice
• modern Relating to the present time or recent times; using the latest techniques
• pressure The force exerted on a surface; the stress of urgent demands
• yourself Used to refer to the person being addressed as the object of a verb or prepos...
• supply To provide something needed; a stock of something available for use
• village A small community or settlement smaller than a town
• natural Existing in or produced by nature; normal or expected
• beyond On the farther side of; more than or above
• potential Having the capacity to develop into something in the future
• trouble Difficulty, problems, or a state of distress or danger
• relation A connection between things, or a member of one's family
• touch To make physical contact with something, or affect emotionally
• middle The central point or position, equally distant from edges or ends
• bar A long rigid piece of material, or a place serving drinks
• strategy A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim
• deep Extending far down or in from the surface or edge
• except Not including; other than
• advance To move forward, or progress in development
• fill To make something full, or to become full
• operation An organised activity, or a medical procedure
• avoid To keep away from something or prevent something from happening
• normal Usual, typical, or expected
• associate To connect or link things; a colleague or partner
• blue The colour of the sky; feeling sad
• option A choice or alternative available in a situation
• box A container with flat sides
• huge Extremely large in size, amount, or degree
• instance A particular example or occurrence of something
• style A distinctive manner of doing something; fashion
• refer To mention or direct someone to a source of information
• push To exert force on something to move it away
• assume To accept something as true without proof; to take on
• successful Having achieved desired aims or prosperity
• doubt A feeling of uncertainty; to feel uncertain about
• theory A system of ideas to explain something
• propose To put forward an idea; to ask someone to marry you
• reference A mention of something; a source of information
• argument A disagreement; a reason given to support a position
• document An official paper or file; to record information
• pattern A repeated design; a regular form or sequence
• obviously In a way that is easily seen or understood; clearly
• separate To divide or keep apart; not joined or connected
• central In the middle; of main importance
• throughout In every part of; during the whole period of
• guess To estimate or suppose without certain knowledge
• protect To keep safe from harm or injury
• resource A supply of something that can be used; available assets
• balance An even distribution of weight; stability; remainder of money
• damage Physical harm that reduces value or usefulness; to cause harm
• basis The foundation or underlying principle of something
• author A person who writes books, articles, or other texts
• basic Fundamental; forming an essential foundation
• encourage To give support, confidence, or hope to someone
• operate To function or work; to control a machine; to perform surgery
• reflect To throw back light or an image; to think deeply about
• property A building or land; a quality or characteristic; things owned
• dark Having little or no light; a deep shade of colour
• imagine To form a mental picture; to suppose or assume
• okay Acceptable; satisfactory; used to express agreement
• post Mail; a job position; to send or publish
• define To state the meaning of; to establish clearly
• conclusion The end or final part; a judgement reached by reasoning
• perform To carry out an action or task; to entertain an audience
• mine Belonging to me; a place where minerals are extracted
• memory The ability to remember; a recollection of the past
• green A colour between blue and yellow; environmentally friendly
• object A physical thing; a goal; to express disagreement
• maintain To keep in good condition; to continue; to firmly state
• ring A circular band; a bell sound; to telephone (British)
• dead No longer alive; completely without activity or power
• prefer To like one thing better than another
• possibility Something that might happen or be true; a chance
• facility A building or place for a particular purpose; an ability to do something easily
• variety A range of different things; a particular type within a category
• track A path or road; a piece of music; to follow or monitor
• completely Totally or entirely; with nothing missing
• responsibility A duty to deal with something; being accountable for one's actions
• original First or earliest; not a copy; creative and new
• dream Images and sensations during sleep; a cherished hope or ambition
• nor Used to add another negative statement; and not
• easily Without difficulty; without doubt; by far
• agency An organisation that provides a particular service; the capacity to act
• cross To go from one side to another; a shape with two lines crossing; annoyed
• yeah An informal way of saying yes
• proposal A formal plan or suggestion; an offer of marriage
• version A particular form of something; someone's account of events
• pound The British currency (£); a unit of weight; to hit repeatedly
• magazine A periodical publication with articles and pictures
• shape The external form of something; physical condition; to form or influence
• immediately At once; without delay; very soon after
• agent A person who acts on behalf of another; a spy; a substance that causes change
• traditional Following customs passed down over time; conventional
• herself The reflexive form of she; used for emphasis
• suddenly Quickly and unexpectedly; without warning
• estimate An approximate calculation; to roughly calculate or judge
• favorite Preferred above all others; a person or thing that is liked most (British spe...
• difficulty The state of being hard to do or understand; a problem or obstacle
• purchase To buy something, or something that has been bought
• the The definite article used to refer to specific things or people
• unless Except if; used to introduce a condition
• survey A detailed study or examination; a set of questions for gathering information
• majority The greater number or part of something; more than half
• stick A thin piece of wood; to attach or remain fixed
• none Not any; no one
• exchange To give something and receive something else in return
• block A solid piece of material; to obstruct or prevent
• count To determine the total number; to be important or significant
• scene A place where an event occurs; a section of a play or film
• content What is contained in something; satisfied or pleased
• safe Protected from danger or risk; a secure container
• invite To ask someone to come to an event or place
• mix To combine different things together
• element A part or component; a basic substance in chemistry
• effective Producing the desired result; working well
• correct Free from error; to fix a mistake
• committee A group of people appointed to perform a specific function
• glass A transparent material; a container for drinking
• trial A legal proceeding; a test or experiment
• administration The management of public or business affairs; a government in office
• complex Consisting of many interconnected parts; not simple
• directly In a straight line or manner; without intermediary; immediately
• heavy Of great weight; intense or severe
• conduct To carry out or organise an activity; behaviour
• equipment The tools, machines, or items needed for a particular purpose
• otherwise In a different way; or else; apart from that
• title The name of a book, film, or work; a word indicating rank or profession
• extra Additional; more than usual or expected
• executive A senior manager in a company; relating to making decisions
• sample A small part representing the whole; to try or test
• sex The biological category of male or female; sexual activity
• connection A link or relationship between things or people
• primary Most important; first or earliest; relating to primary school
• collect To gather together; to pick up from a place
• inform To give information to someone; to tell officially
• principle A fundamental truth or belief; a moral rule
• straight Not curved or bent; directly; honest; in a row
• highly To a great degree; very much
• trust Firm belief in someone's reliability; to believe in someone
• wonderful Extremely good; marvellous; inspiring delight
• flat Level and smooth; an apartment; a deflated tyre; exactly
• absolutely Completely; without any doubt; used to agree strongly
• flow To move steadily and continuously; the movement of something
• additional Extra; more than what is usual or expected
• responsible Having a duty to deal with something; being the cause of something
• collection A group of items gathered together; the act of collecting
• hang To attach something from above; to spend time casually
• negative Bad or harmful; expressing refusal; less than zero
• relative A family member; compared to something else; not absolute
• alternative Another option or choice; different from the usual
• attitude A way of thinking or feeling about something; manner
• double Twice as much; consisting of two parts; to increase twofold
• progress Movement forward; improvement or development
• truth The quality of being true; the real facts about something
• lay To put something down flat; past tense of 'lie'
• speed How fast something moves or happens; to go quickly
• perfect Without any faults; completely suitable; to make something flawless
• overall Taking everything into account; general; a protective garment
• slow Not moving or happening quickly; to reduce speed
• regular Happening frequently or at fixed intervals; normal or standard
• physical Relating to the body rather than the mind; relating to things you can touch
• apart Separated by a distance; into pieces; except for
• suit A set of matching jacket and trousers; to be appropriate for; a legal case
• federal Relating to a system where states unite under a central government
• reveal To make something known that was previously hidden or secret
• percentage A rate or proportion expressed as a fraction of 100
• status Position or rank in relation to others; current state or condition
• decline To decrease or become worse; to politely refuse
• launch To start or introduce something new; to send something into the air or water
• consumer A person who buys and uses goods or services
• favor A kind or helpful act; to prefer or support (British spelling: favour)
• institution An important organisation; an established custom or practice
• spot A particular place; a small mark; to notice or see
• excite To cause strong feelings of enthusiasm or nervousness
• guide A person who shows the way; a book giving information; to lead or direct
• grant To give formally; money given for a purpose; to admit something is true
• sector A part or division of something, especially of the economy or society
• ensure To make certain that something happens or is the case
• chief A leader or head of an organisation, or most important
• expert A person with extensive knowledge or skill in a particular area
• wave A ridge of water moving across the sea, or to move your hand in greeting
• south The direction opposite to north, or the southern part of a region
• edge The outer limit or boundary of something; a sharp cutting side
• camp A place with temporary accommodation, or to stay in tents outdoors
• procedure An established way of doing something, or a medical operation
• global Relating to the whole world; comprehensive
• struggle To make great efforts to achieve something difficult; a difficult task
• advertise To promote a product, service, or event publicly to encourage sales
• select To choose something carefully from a group
• surround To be all around something or someone on all sides
• extent The degree, size, or scope of something
• fully Completely or to the greatest possible extent
• contrast A noticeable difference between two things when compared
• roll To move by turning over or to make something into a cylindrical shape
• reality The state of things as they actually exist, rather than as imagined
• conflict A serious disagreement or argument, or a state of opposition between ideas or...
• entire With no part left out; whole or complete
• presence The state of being in a particular place or the impressive quality of someone...
• crowd A large number of people gathered together in one place
• corner A point where two lines, edges, or surfaces meet; an angle
• gas A substance in a state that has no fixed shape and expands freely to fill any...
• shift To move or change from one position or direction to another
• net A material made of threads or cords that are woven together, or the final amo...
• secretary A person employed to handle correspondence and administrative tasks, or a sen...
• defense The action of protecting someone or something from attack; also spelled 'defe...
• quick Moving fast or taking a short time; done with speed
• scale The size or extent of something, or a device for measuring weight
• cry To produce tears from the eyes due to emotion, or to call out loudly
• introduction The act of presenting someone or something for the first time, or the opening...
• requirement Something that is needed or must be done; a necessary condition
• north The direction towards the North Pole, or the northern part of a place
• confirm To state or show that something is definitely true or correct
• senior Higher in rank or older in age; relating to the elderly or to final-year stud...
• emerge To come out from somewhere or to become known or apparent
• reform To make changes to something in order to improve it
• neither Not one nor the other of two people or things
• survive To continue to live or exist despite danger, hardship, or difficulty
• left The direction or side opposite to the right, or remaining after others have gone
• solve To find an answer to a problem or a way to deal with a difficult situation
• technique A particular method or way of doing something, especially one requiring skill
• traffic Vehicles moving on a road, or the movement of people, goods, or information
• tool An implement or device used to carry out a particular function, especially to...
• consequence A result or effect of an action or situation
• circumstance The conditions or facts that affect a situation
• smoke The visible suspension of particles in the air produced by burning, or to inh...
• reaction A response to something, whether physical, emotional, or chemical
• mass A large quantity or body of something, or in physics, the amount of matter in...
• contribute To give something (money, time, ideas) to help achieve something or add to so...
• failure The lack of success or the omission of expected action
• schedule A plan that lists when things should happen, or a timetable
• bottom The lowest part or point of something
• adopt To legally take another's child as your own, or to choose to take up an idea,...
• waste To use something carelessly or for no purpose, or unwanted materials and rubbish
• hide To put or keep something out of sight, or to conceal oneself
• marriage The legally or formally recognised union of two people as partners
• plus In addition to, or an advantage
• extremely To a very high degree
• commercial Related to trade or business, or an advertisement
• lady A polite or formal way to refer to a woman
• duty A moral or legal obligation, or a tax on goods
• strength The quality of being physically or mentally strong
• connect To join or link things together
• cultural Related to culture, arts, or customs
• arrange To put things in order, or to make plans
• scheme A plan or programme, especially an official one
• unfortunately Regrettably, used to express disappointment
• brief Lasting for a short time, or a summary document
• demonstrate To show or prove something clearly
• contribution Something given to help achieve a goal
• aid Help or support given to those in need; something that helps
• safety The condition of being protected from danger, risk, or injury
• quiet Making little or no noise; calm and peaceful
• divide To separate into parts; to share; to cause disagreement
• length The measurement of something from end to end; duration of time
• investigation A formal examination of facts or a situation, especially by police
• somewhere In or to some place; used when the exact place is not specified
• expand To become or make larger; to increase in size, number, or importance
• commit To do something illegal or wrong; to dedicate oneself to something
• obvious Easy to see or understand; clear; evident
• secret Information kept hidden from others; something not revealed
• apparently As far as one knows; seemingly; evidently
• trend A general direction of change; a fashion or pattern
• critical Expressing disapproval; extremely important; at a crisis point
• mostly For the most part; mainly; almost entirely
• essential Absolutely necessary; extremely important; basic items
• powerful Having great strength, influence, or effect
• crisis A time of intense difficulty, danger, or uncertainty
• active Engaged in action; energetic; functioning or operating
• conclude To bring to an end; to form a final opinion based on evidence
• religious Relating to religion or faith; devoutly practising a religion
• convince To persuade someone to believe something or to do something
• vary To differ or change; to make something different
• blow To move air from the mouth; for wind to move; a hard hit or setback
• volume The amount of space something occupies; loudness of sound; a book in a series
• proceed To continue or go forward; money obtained from an event
• tape A long narrow strip of material, adhesive or for recording
• whereas Used to contrast two facts or ideas
• sum The total when numbers are added; an amount of money
• murder The unlawful killing of another person with intent
• monitor To watch and check over time; a display device
• soldier A person who serves in an army
• finance The management of money; to provide money for something
• shock A sudden disturbance or surprise; a serious medical condition
• usual What normally happens or is done; customary
• cycle A series of events that repeat; a bicycle; to ride a bicycle
• totally Completely; entirely; used for emphasis
• construction The process of building something; the building industry
• objective A goal or aim; based on facts rather than feelings
• moreover In addition; furthermore (formal)
• onto Moving to a position on a surface; aware of something
• historical Relating to or concerning history; of the past
• oppose To disagree with and try to prevent; to compete against
• branch A part of a tree; a division of a company or subject
• vehicle A machine for transporting people or goods; a means of expression
• bind To tie or fasten tightly; to obligate legally
• belong To be the property of; to be a member of; to fit in
• fashion A popular style of clothes or behaviour; a manner of doing something
• danger The possibility of harm or injury; a threat
• bomb An explosive device; to attack with bombs; to fail spectacularly
• dangerous Likely to cause harm or injury; risky
• decrease To become or make smaller in size, amount, or degree
• hurt To cause pain or injury; to feel pain; emotional distress
• council A group of people who manage or advise; local government body
• editor A person who prepares text for publication; software for editing
• normally Usually; under normal circumstances; in a normal way
• sight The ability to see; something seen; a tourist attraction
• gift Something given freely; a natural talent or ability
• guest A person invited to visit or stay; a customer at a hotel
• quote To repeat someone's words; a repeated phrase; a price estimate
• climb To go up something using hands and feet; to rise or increase
• mainly For the most part; chiefly; primarily
• noise Unwanted or unpleasant sound; any sound
• gun A weapon that fires bullets; a device that shoots something
• square A shape with four equal sides; a public open space; to multiply by itself
• occasion A particular time or event; a special event; a reason
• familiar Well known from experience; having knowledge of something
• ignore To deliberately pay no attention to; to disregard
• destroy To damage something so badly that it no longer exists or works
• civil Relating to citizens or the state; polite but not friendly
• domestic Relating to the home, family life, or one's own country
• load Something being carried or transported; amount of work
• belief The acceptance that something is true; faith or conviction
• troop Soldiers or military units; a group of people or animals
• remind To cause someone to remember something
• arrangement The way things are organised; plans or preparations
• switch A device for controlling electricity; to change or exchange
• acquire To gain or obtain something through effort or experience
• corporate Relating to a large company or business organisation
• participate To take part in an activity or event
• tough Difficult, demanding, or physically strong and resilient
• shake To move something quickly back and forth or up and down
• assessment The act of judging or evaluating something; a test or evaluation
• ought Used to indicate duty, correctness, or what is advisable
• ad Short for advertisement; a notice promoting a product or service
• regulation An official rule or law; the act of controlling something
• escape To get away from a place, situation, or danger
• studio A room or building for artistic work, recording, or broadcasting
• proper Correct, appropriate, or real; done in the right way
• component A part or element of a larger whole
• suspect To believe something is likely or possible; a person thought to have committe...
• description A spoken or written account of what something or someone is like
• confidence A feeling of trust in oneself or others; a secret shared between people
• industrial Related to industry, manufacturing, or factories
• complain To express dissatisfaction or annoyance about something
• perspective A particular way of viewing things; a sense of proportion
• error A mistake; something incorrectly done or thought
• assess To evaluate or estimate the nature, value, or quality of something
• register To officially record information; an official list or record
• asset A useful or valuable thing or person; property owned by a company
• signal A gesture, sound, or light that conveys information; to indicate
• relevant Connected or appropriate to the matter being discussed
• explore To travel through an unfamiliar area; to examine something thoroughly
• commitment A dedication to something; an obligation or engagement
• necessarily As a natural or logical result; inevitably
• frame A rigid structure surrounding something; to put a border around; to construct
• slowly At a slow speed; gradually
• bond A connection or relationship; a financial investment; to join together
• hole An opening or gap in something solid; a hollow place
• tie To fasten with string or rope; a necktie; an equal score
• internal Inside something; relating to the inside of an organisation or country
• chain A series of connected metal links; a series of connected things
• literature Written works, especially those with artistic merit; written material on a su...
• division The act of separating into parts; disagreement; a section of an organisation
• amaze To surprise someone greatly; to fill with wonder
• birth The process of being born; the beginning of something
• root The underground part of a plant; the basic cause or origin
• expense The cost of something; money spent
• channel A television station; a passage for water; a means of communication
• rank A position in a hierarchy; to give or have a position
• typical Showing the usual characteristics of a particular type
• west The direction where the sun sets; Western countries collectively
• resident Someone who lives in a particular place; living in a place
• provision The action of supplying; a condition in an agreement; supplies
• plenty A large or sufficient amount
• entirely Completely, wholly
• bridge A structure built to cross something; something that connects
• consist To be made up of particular parts or elements
• brand A type of product; a company's image; to mark or label
• moral Relating to principles of right and wrong; a lesson from a story
• insist To demand something firmly; to state something is true
• principal Most important; head of a school; original sum of money
• master Expert; person in control; to gain complete knowledge of
• definitely Without doubt; certainly; absolutely
• session A period of time devoted to a particular activity
• predict To say what will happen in the future
• protection The act of keeping someone or something safe
• largely To a great extent; mostly
• wed To marry; to unite in marriage
• guarantee A formal promise; to assure something will happen
• till Up to a particular time; a cash register
• theme The main subject or central idea
• judgment The ability to make decisions; an official decision
• odd Strange or unusual; not divisible by two
• definition A statement explaining the meaning of a word
• elect To choose by voting; to decide to do something
• atmosphere The gases surrounding Earth; the mood of a place
• characteristic A typical feature or quality
• rely To depend on or trust someone or something
• narrow Having a small width; limited in extent
• succeed To achieve a goal; to come after another
• identity Who or what a person or thing is
• permit To allow; an official document giving permission
• seriously In a sincere manner; to a significant degree
• wild Living in nature; uncontrolled; enthusiastic
• empty Containing nothing; having no contents
• commission A fee for services; an official group; to order work
• unique Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else
• association A group organised for a purpose; a connection
• instrument A tool for a purpose; a musical device
• practical Useful and realistic; based on actual experience
• soft Not hard or firm to the touch; gentle sounds
• row A line of things; a noisy argument (British); to propel a boat
• youth The period of being young; young people as a group
• lock A device for securing doors, containers, or vehicles; to fasten with a lock
• fuel Material burned to produce heat or power; to supply with fuel or stimulate
• expectation A belief that something will happen or be the case; a standard of behaviour a...
• sexual Relating to physical intimacy or reproduction; relating to the sexes
• bottle A container with a narrow neck for holding liquids; to put into bottles
• ourselves The reflexive form of 'we'; used for emphasis or to refer back to the subject
• sheet A large rectangular piece of fabric for a bed; a flat piece of paper, glass, ...
• engine A machine that converts energy into mechanical force; the driving force behin...
• cast To throw with force; the actors in a play or film; a rigid bandage
• notion A belief, idea, or understanding about something; a vague understanding
• conservative Favouring traditional values and resisting change; cautious or moderate
• relief A feeling of reassurance after anxiety; assistance given to those in need
• honor High respect or esteem; a privilege; to fulfil an obligation
• blame To hold responsible for a fault or wrong; responsibility for something bad
• arise To come into being or emerge; to get up from lying or sitting
• dad An informal word for father
• retire To leave work permanently, usually because of age; to withdraw from a place
• tiny Extremely small in size or amount
• native Belonging to a place by birth or origin; original inhabitant of a place
• witness A person who sees an event; to see something happen
• mail Letters and packages sent by post; to send by the postal service
• terrible Extremely bad or serious; causing great fear or distress
• ordinary Normal, usual, or not special in any way
• anywhere In, at, or to any place; used in questions and negative statements
• mental Relating to the mind; involving thinking or the brain
• participant A person who takes part in an activity or event
• vision The ability to see; a mental image of a future possibility
• fat A natural oily substance in animal bodies; excess flesh; substantial
• entry The act of going into a place; a recorded item; the right to participate
• fellow A man or boy; someone who shares an activity; an academic member
• capture To take possession by force; to record or preserve accurately
• tip The pointed end of something; money given for service; helpful advice
• discount A reduction from the usual price; to regard as unlikely
• peak The pointed top of a mountain; the highest point or level
• proportion A part or share of a whole; the relationship between sizes
• disappear To cease to be visible; to stop existing
• constant Happening continuously; unchanging; a fixed value
• significantly In a way that is important or large enough to have an effect
• considerable Large in size, amount, or extent; worthy of consideration
• intelligence The ability to learn and understand; information gathered about an enemy
• ideal Perfect or most suitable; a principle or standard to strive for
• surely Expressing certainty; used to seek confirmation
• somewhat To some degree or extent, but not completely
• faith Complete trust or confidence; strong religious belief
• reduction The act of making something smaller or less in amount
• reserve To keep for future use; to book in advance; a supply kept for emergency
• somehow In a way that is not known or specified; by some means
• phase A distinct period or stage in a process of development
• thin Having little thickness; not fat; lacking density
• formal Done according to established rules or conventions; suitable for official occ...
• religion A system of faith and worship; belief in a god or gods
• reject To refuse to accept, use, or believe something; a rejected item
• latter The second of two things or people previously mentioned
• ban To officially prohibit or forbid something
• index An alphabetical list of references, or a statistical measure
• frequently Happening often, at short intervals
• circle A round shape, or a group of people with shared interests
• helpful Providing assistance or being useful
• attractive Pleasing to look at, or appealing
• impression An idea or opinion formed about something or someone
• unable Lacking the ability, power, or means to do something
• joke Something said or done to cause laughter
• column A vertical pillar, or a vertical section of text or data
• impose To force something on someone, or to cause inconvenience
• besides In addition to, or apart from
• properly In the correct or appropriate way
• ancient Very old, belonging to times long past
• coast The land near the sea, the shoreline
• ill Not in good health, unwell
• multiple Having many parts, elements, or aspects
• yield To produce or give way to something
• via By way of, through, or by means of
• county An administrative division of a country
• mobile Able to move, or a portable phone
• assistant A person who helps or supports someone
• implement To put a plan or decision into effect
• attach To fasten or join one thing to another
• hell A place of suffering in some religions, or an expression of emphasis
• east The direction where the sun rises, or a region in that direction
• hat A covering for the head
• academic Relating to education and scholarship
• furthermore In addition; besides; used to introduce a further point
• absence The state of being away or not present; the lack of something
• construct To build or create something; an idea or concept
• remark A spoken or written comment; to say something as a comment
• rare Uncommon, unusual; (of meat) lightly cooked
• intention A plan or aim that guides what someone intends to do
• dozen Twelve of something; informally, approximately twelve or many
• settlement A place where people establish a community; an agreement resolving a dispute
• gap A space or opening between things; a difference between levels or groups
• widely To a great extent; by many people; over a large area
• minimum The smallest or lowest amount, level, or degree possible
• northern Situated in, directed towards, or coming from the north
• estate A large area of land with a house; property left when someone dies
• expose To uncover or reveal something hidden; to leave unprotected
• shut To close something; to be or become closed
• victory The act of winning or succeeding in a competition, battle, or struggle
• resolve To find a solution to a problem; firm determination or willpower
• critic A person who expresses disapproval or professionally reviews artistic works
• variable Likely to change or vary; an element that can have different values
• enormous Extremely large in size, quantity, or extent
• sweet Having a taste like sugar or honey; pleasant or kind
• pursue To follow or chase; to actively work towards a goal
• tall Having greater height than average or expected
• urge To strongly encourage; a strong desire or impulse
• enemy A person or group that is hostile or opposed to someone
• milk White liquid from mammals; to extract or exploit
• talent A natural ability or aptitude for doing something well
• smell The sense used to detect odours, or an odour itself
• prior Existing or occurring before something else in time, order, or importance
• priority Something more important than other things that should be dealt with first
• phrase A small group of words that form a meaningful unit
• pilot A person who operates an aircraft, or a trial version of something
• merely Only, simply, or nothing more than
• resolution A firm decision, the act of resolving a problem, or image quality
• vast Extremely large in area, size, extent, or quantity
• exhibition A public display of art, objects, or other items of interest
• regional Relating to or characteristic of a particular geographic area or district wit...
• immediate Happening without delay; nearest in space or relationship
• incident An event or occurrence, especially one that is unusual or causes problems
• draft A preliminary version of a document; a current of cool air; compulsory milita...
• politician A person professionally involved in politics, especially as an elected official
• knock To strike a surface to make a sound; to hit or bump into something
• seed A small object from which a plant grows; the beginning of something
• illustrate To explain or make clear by using examples; to provide pictures for a book
• imply To suggest something without stating it directly
• temporary Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent
• liberal Open to new ideas and tolerant of different views; generous in amount
• qualify To meet the requirements for something; to modify or limit a statement
• competitive Having a strong desire to be more successful than others; as good as or bette...
• truly In a truthful way; genuinely; completely
• hi An informal greeting used when meeting someone
• yellow The colour of lemons, egg yolks, and sunflowers
• habit A regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up
• disk A flat, thin, circular object; a device for storing computer data
• core The central or most important part of something
• self A person's essential being; used as a prefix meaning oneself
• metal A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, and conducts electricity
• existence The state or fact of living or having objective reality
• panel A flat section forming part of a surface; a group of people assembled for dis...
• prime Of first importance or quality; to prepare something for use
• emphasize To give special importance or prominence to something
• maximum The greatest amount, extent, or intensity possible or allowed
• effectively In a way that achieves the desired result; in reality or for practical purposes
• elsewhere In, at, or to some other place or other places
• bother To cause trouble or annoyance to someone; to make an effort to do something
• initiative The ability to act independently; a new plan or action to solve a problem
• sharp Having a fine edge or point capable of cutting; quick to notice or understand
• motion The act or process of moving; a formal proposal in a meeting
• gray A colour between black and white; dull or overcast (British spelling: grey)
• discipline Training to follow rules or a code of behaviour; a branch of knowledge
• assumption Something accepted as true without proof
• freeze To become solid from cold, or to stop moving completely
• extreme Very great in degree; reaching the highest or lowest point
• passage A section of text, a narrow way through, or the act of moving through
• forth Forward or outward from a starting point
• mechanism A system of parts working together, or a process by which something happens
• coat An outer garment with sleeves, or a layer covering something
• pocket A small bag sewn into clothing for carrying items
• lucky Having good fortune or favourable outcomes by chance
• crash A violent collision, a loud noise, or a sudden failure
• observation The act of watching carefully, or a remark based on what one has noticed
• unusual Not common or ordinary; different from what is expected
• king A male ruler of a country, typically one who inherits the position
• interaction Communication or direct involvement between people or things
• collapse To fall down suddenly, or to fail completely
• borrow To take something temporarily with the intention of returning it
• soul The spiritual part of a person; the essence of something
• capable Having the ability or qualities to do something
• perfectly In a complete or ideal way; absolutely or completely
• enhance To improve the quality, value, or extent of something
• distinguish To recognise differences between things; to make someone notable
• substantial Large in size, amount, or importance; solidly built
• slide To move smoothly along a surface; a playground structure
• valuable Worth a lot of money or extremely useful and important
• breast The chest area, especially a woman's mammary gland, or poultry meat
• cope To deal effectively with something difficult
• accommodation A place to live or stay; an arrangement or compromise
• shirt A piece of clothing worn on the upper body, typically with a collar and buttons
• exception Something or someone that does not follow the general rule; an exclusion
• corporation A large company or group of companies acting as a single legal entity
• chip A thin piece broken off something; a fried strip of potato; a small electroni...
• encounter To unexpectedly meet someone or experience something; an unexpected meeting
• partly To some extent but not completely; in part
• urban Relating to a town or city; characteristic of city life
• southern Relating to or situated in the south; coming from the south
• beauty The quality of being pleasing to the senses; a beautiful person or thing
• massive Very large, heavy, or powerful in size, amount, or degree
• install To set up equipment or software for use; to place someone in a new position
• upper Higher in position, rank, or status; the top part of something
• outline A line showing the shape of something; a general description of the main points
• sufficient Enough to meet a need or purpose; adequate
• luck Success or good things that happen by chance
• split To divide into parts; a division or separation
• journalist A person who writes news stories for newspapers, magazines, or broadcasts
• sudden Happening quickly and unexpectedly
• advertisement A notice or announcement promoting a product, service, or event
• consistent Acting or done in the same way over time; compatible or in agreement
• originally At first; in the beginning; from the start
• aside To one side; a remark made quietly or privately
• severe Very serious or harsh; extremely bad or intense
• prospect The possibility of something happening; a potential customer or candidate
• plot The main story of a book or film; a secret plan; a piece of land
• criterion A standard or principle for judging or deciding something
• primarily Mainly; for the most part
• integrate To combine or bring together separate elements into a unified whole
• criticism The expression of disapproval; the analysis and judgement of something
• convention A large formal meeting; an accepted way of doing something
• bet To risk money on an outcome; to feel certain about something
• retain To keep or continue to have something
• sequence A particular order in which things follow each other
• plain Simple without decoration; a large flat area of land
• volunteer Someone who offers to do something without being paid
• rural Relating to the countryside, not urban
• silence Complete absence of sound; a period without speaking
• rapidly Very quickly; at a fast rate
• efficient Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort
• spell To write or name letters of a word; a magical incantation; a period of time
• premise An idea forming the basis for an argument; a building and its land
• lean To incline or bend; thin with little fat
• differ To be unlike or distinct from something; to disagree
• grateful Feeling or showing appreciation for something received
• protein A nutrient found in foods that helps build and repair the body
• bike An informal word for bicycle
• distribute To give out or deliver something to several people or places
• derive To obtain something from a source; to have something as an origin
• crucial Extremely important or essential
• wheel A circular object that rotates on an axle
• crop A plant grown in large quantities for food; to cut short
• minority A smaller number or part, less than half
• origin The beginning or source of something
• interpretation The action of explaining meaning; a particular way of understanding
• toy An object for children to play with
• fault A mistake or weakness; responsibility for something bad
• exhibit To display something publicly; an object on display
• minor Lesser in importance, size, or degree; someone under legal age
• hunt To chase and kill animals; to search thoroughly for something
• thick Having a large distance between opposite sides; dense
• achievement Something accomplished successfully through effort and skill
• shoot To fire a weapon; to take photographs or film; a new growth on a plant
• supplier A person or company that provides goods or services
• prize An award given to the winner of a competition or for achievement
• peer A person of equal standing; to look closely at something
• pension A regular payment made to retired people
• laughter The sound and act of laughing
• deeply To a great extent; profoundly
• recognition The act of identifying someone or acknowledging achievement
• assistance Help or support given to someone
• retirement The period after leaving work permanently
• respectively In the order mentioned; separately in the order given
• variation A change or difference in something
• ultimately Finally; in the end; at the most basic level
• layer A single thickness of material covering a surface
• preparation The process of getting ready for something
• emphasis Special importance given to something
• edition A particular version of a publication or product
• silver A precious white metal; the colour of this metal
• entertainment Activities providing enjoyment or amusement
• honest Truthful and sincere; not lying or cheating
• retail The sale of goods to the public in small quantities
• wire A thin metal strand; to connect or send money
• gay Homosexual, especially of men
• zone An area distinguished by some characteristic
• inch A unit of length equal to 2.54 centimetres
• equivalent Equal in value, function, meaning, or effect
• solid Firm, hard, or stable; reliable
• enterprise A business or company; initiative and resourcefulness
• owe To be in debt to someone; to have an obligation
• uniform Special clothing worn by members of a group; remaining the same throughout
• pitch A playing field; the highness or lowness of a sound; to throw; a sales presen...
• arrival The act of arriving or reaching a destination; a person who has just arrived
• contemporary Belonging to the present time; modern; a person living at the same time as an...
• gate A movable barrier in a wall, fence, or entrance; a departure point at an airport
• ease Absence of difficulty or effort; comfort; to make less severe
• specialist An expert in a particular field; a doctor who focuses on one area of medicine
• assure To tell someone confidently that something is true; to make certain
• episode An event or incident; one part of a TV or radio series
• crack A narrow opening or break; to break without separating; to solve
• numerous Great in number; many
• submit To present for consideration; to yield to authority; to send electronically
• virtually Almost entirely; nearly; by means of computer technology
• era A long period of history marked by distinctive characteristics
• coverage The extent to which something is covered; media reporting; insurance protection
• tension Mental or emotional strain; strained relations; tightness when stretched
• cable A thick rope or wire; cable television; to send a message by wire
• eliminate To remove completely; to exclude from consideration; to defeat in competition
• tight Fixed or fastened firmly; fitting closely; limited in amount or time
• welfare The health, happiness, and well-being of a person; government support
• recruit To enlist new members or employees; a newly enlisted person
• exclude To prevent from entering; to leave out; to reject
• string Thin cord; a series of connected items; to thread onto a line
• persuade To convince someone to do or believe something through reasoning or argument
• inspire To fill with creative energy; to motivate; to cause a feeling
• grand Large and impressive; magnificent; main or principal
• hence As a consequence; therefore; from this time
• crew A group of people who work together, especially on a ship, aircraft, or film
• phenomenon An observable fact or event; something remarkable or extraordinary
• pupil A student at a school; the dark opening in the centre of the eye
• false Not true or correct; artificial; disloyal
• assist To help or support someone; a pass that leads to a score in sport
• formula A mathematical rule expressed in symbols; a recipe or method; infant milk
• alter To change or modify something
• perceive To become aware of through the senses; to regard or understand in a certain way
• sink A basin for washing; to go down below the surface
• anymore Any longer; from now on (usually in negative sentences)
• hero A person admired for courage, achievements, or noble qualities
• convert To change from one form, purpose, or belief to another
• meter A unit of length; a device for measuring (British: metre)
• truck A large motor vehicle for transporting goods (British: lorry)
• beside At the side of; next to; compared with
• sail A piece of fabric that catches wind to propel a boat; to travel by boat
• disaster A sudden event causing great damage, destruction, or suffering
• pace The speed at which something happens or moves; a single step
• heavily To a great degree; with a lot of weight or force
• terrorist A person who uses violence and intimidation for political aims
• justify To show or prove to be right, reasonable, or warranted
• vital Absolutely necessary or essential; relating to life
• fascinate To attract and hold someone's attention intensely
• external On the outside; coming from outside a particular system or organisation
• spare Extra or reserve; to give or make available; to save from harm
• underlie To be the basis or cause of; to lie beneath
• mom Mother (American English); British equivalent is 'mum'
• distinction A difference between things; excellence or honour
• satisfaction The feeling of pleasure when needs or desires are fulfilled
• incorporate To include as part of a whole; to form a legal corporation
• pour To cause liquid to flow from a container; to rain heavily
• sweep To clean with a broom; to move quickly and smoothly
• obligation A duty or requirement to do something; something you must do
• sir A polite form of address for a man; a title used before a knight's name
• evaluate To assess or judge the value, quality, or importance of something
• anger A strong feeling of displeasure or hostility
• pub A place where alcoholic drinks are served; short for 'public house'
• perception The way something is viewed, understood, or interpreted
• naturally In a natural way; as expected; of course
• initially At the beginning; at first
• territory An area of land under the control of a particular country or person
• stream A small river; a continuous flow; to broadcast or watch live online
• height The measurement of how tall something is; the peak or highest point
• western Relating to the west; relating to Western countries or culture
• expansion The action of becoming larger or more extensive; growth
• constantly Continuously or repeatedly over time, without stopping
• badly In an unsatisfactory way; severely or to a great degree
• boundary A line or limit that marks the edge of an area
• ratio A comparison between two quantities showing proportion
• scream To make a loud, high-pitched cry; the sound itself
• symbol A mark, sign, or object that represents something else
• demonstration A public protest; a practical display showing how something works
• analyst A person who examines data or situations to provide insights
• platform A raised surface; a computing system; a means of expression
• steel A strong metal alloy of iron and carbon; to prepare mentally
• transform To change something completely in form or character
• foundation The base upon which something is built; a charitable organisation
• designer A person who plans and creates things; expensive or exclusive
• innovation The introduction of new ideas, methods, or products
• trail A path or track; marks left behind; to follow behind
• trap A device for catching; a difficult situation; to catch
• loose Not firmly fixed or held tightly; not strict
• extension Something added to enlarge or continue; extra time
• wealth An abundance of money, possessions, or resources
• gradually Slowly and steadily over time, in small stages
• tank A container for liquids; an armoured military vehicle
• evil Profound immorality and wickedness; something harmful
• remarkable Worthy of attention; unusual or extraordinary
• tune A melody; to adjust a musical instrument or radio
• invitation A request to attend an event or do something
• bid An offer of a price; an attempt to achieve something
• breed A variety of animal; to produce offspring
• extraordinary Very unusual, remarkable, or exceptional
• brilliant Exceptionally clever or talented; very bright
• stem The main stalk of a plant; to originate from
• reverse The opposite direction or side; to move backwards
• mode A way or manner of doing something; a setting on a device
• mirror A reflective glass surface; to reflect or copy exactly
• awful Extremely bad, unpleasant, or of poor quality
• pose To position oneself for a photo; to present or create a problem
• adjust To change slightly to make something fit or work better; to adapt
• agricultural Relating to farming, growing crops, or raising animals
• competitor A person or company that competes against others
• alcohol Drinks containing ethanol; a chemical compound found in drinks like beer and ...
• van A medium-sized motor vehicle used for transporting goods or people
• curve A smoothly bending line or shape; to bend in a smooth arc
• web A network of fine threads made by a spider; the World Wide Web
• depth The distance from top to bottom; thoroughness or complexity
• entrance A door or opening for entering; the act of entering a place
• log A section of tree trunk; an official record of events
• giant An extremely large person or thing; a very important or powerful person
• substance A type of matter with particular properties; the real meaning or essence
• extensive Covering a large area or range; very thorough
• interpret To explain the meaning of something; to translate between languages
• inner Located inside or towards the centre; relating to private thoughts
• consult To seek information or advice from someone; to refer to a source
• pink A pale red colour; of that colour
• shadow A dark area created when something blocks light; to follow closely
• smooth Having an even surface without lumps; happening without problems
• intervention The act of becoming involved in a situation to change or improve it
• impress To make someone feel admiration; to mark by pressing
• radical Relating to fundamental change; extreme or far-reaching
• similarly In a similar way; likewise
• behave To act in a particular way; to conduct oneself properly
• loud Making a lot of noise; easily heard; bright and garish in colour
• dimension A measurable extent such as length or width; an aspect of something
• subsequent Coming after something in time or order; following
• jacket A short coat extending to the waist or hips
• efficiency The ability to accomplish something with minimal waste of time, effort, or re...
• dirty Not clean; covered with or containing unwanted substances
• statistic A numerical fact or piece of data from a study or survey
• regularly At consistent intervals; on a repeated, predictable basis
• resort A holiday destination with amenities; or to turn to something as a course of ...
• iron A strong metal element; or a heated device for smoothing clothes
• blind Unable to see; lacking awareness or judgement; a window covering
• pure Not mixed with anything else; clean and untainted; complete or absolute
• ally A person, country, or organisation that cooperates with another for a common ...
• quantity An amount or number of something; the property of being measurable
• mature Fully developed or grown; behaving in a sensible, adult way
• disturb To interrupt someone or something; to cause worry or upset
• sustain To maintain or support over time; to suffer or experience something
• flood An overflow of water; a large amount of something arriving at once
• poverty The state of being extremely poor; a lack or deficiency of something
• crazy Mentally ill; extremely foolish; extremely enthusiastic about something
• cite To quote or refer to a source as evidence or authority
• newly Recently; only just; in a new or different way
• parallel Side by side at an equal distance apart; similar or corresponding
• sponsor A person or organisation that provides financial support; to financially support
• boot A type of footwear covering the foot and ankle; the luggage compartment of a ...
• accurate Correct and precise; free from errors
• dealer A person or business that buys and sells goods; a person who distributes card...
• burden A heavy load; a responsibility or problem that causes hardship
• desert A dry, barren region with little rainfall; to abandon or leave
• mate A friend (British informal); a partner or spouse; to breed (animals)
• occasionally Sometimes but not often; from time to time
• resistance The act of opposing or fighting against something; the ability to withstand
• frequency How often something happens; the rate at which something occurs
• criticize To express disapproval; to point out faults or shortcomings
• tap A device for controlling water flow (British); to strike lightly; to access a...
• philosophy The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics
• attribute A quality or characteristic; to regard as caused by something
• apologize To express regret for something done wrong; to say sorry
• grab To take hold of something quickly and firmly; to seize an opportunity
• entitle To give someone the right to do or have something
• involvement The act of taking part in something
• exposure The state of being exposed to something
• conventional Following traditional or standard practices
• edit To prepare written material for publication by correcting or revising
• formation The process of forming something or how something is arranged
• pleasant Giving a sense of enjoyment or satisfaction
• establishment A business or organisation; the act of founding something
• summary A brief statement of the main points
• rough Having an uneven or irregular surface; not gentle or careful
• pen A writing instrument using ink; an enclosed area for animals
• tube A hollow cylinder; the London Underground railway
• tower A tall, narrow building or structure
• characterize To describe the typical qualities of something
• specify To state something clearly and definitely
• exact Completely accurate or precise
• spin To turn round and round quickly
• operator A person who operates equipment or a machine
• dig To break up and move earth with a tool
• drag To pull something along with difficulty; something boring
• mount To climb onto; to organise and begin; a mountain
• wrap To cover or enclose something by folding material around it
• anticipate To expect or look forward to something
• specialize To concentrate on a particular area of work or study
• angle The space between two lines that meet; a particular perspective
• anxiety A feeling of worry or nervousness
• precisely Exactly, with complete accuracy
• rival A person or thing competing with another
• offense A crime; the act of causing upset; attacking play in sports
• detect To discover or notice something that is not obvious
• admire To regard with respect and approval
• moderate Average in amount or degree; not extreme
• significance The quality of being important or meaningful
• charity An organisation that helps people in need, or the act of giving help to those...
• universal Relating to or affecting all people, places, or things in the world or in a p...
• cigarette A thin cylinder of finely cut tobacco rolled in paper for smoking
• constitute To form or make up something, or to be the components or elements of something
• adequate Sufficient or good enough for a particular purpose
• consultant A person who provides expert advice professionally, or a senior hospital doct...
• historian A person who studies or writes about history
• visual Relating to seeing or sight
• stupid Lacking intelligence or common sense; foolish
• keen Very enthusiastic or eager; sharp or intense
• ethnic Relating to a group of people who share a common culture, ancestry, or nation...
• eastern Located in, coming from, or relating to the east
• forecast A prediction about what will happen, especially regarding weather or financia...
• segment A separate part of something; a section or portion
• custom A traditional practice or way of behaving; or something made specially for a ...
• adapt To change something to suit different conditions, or to adjust oneself to new...
• cap A soft flat hat; a cover or lid; or an upper limit on something
• prompt To cause or encourage something to happen; or quick and without delay
• react To respond to something that has happened or been said
• venture A risky business project or undertaking; or to dare to do something potential...
• compound Something made of two or more parts; or to make a problem worse
• rescue To save someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation
• mess A dirty or untidy state; a difficult or confused situation; or a room where s...
• preference A greater liking for one thing over another; what someone prefers
• comprehensive Including all or nearly all elements or aspects; thorough and complete
• incentive Something that motivates or encourages someone to do something
• league A group of sports teams or nations joined for a common purpose; or a class of...
• dialog A conversation between two or more people; discussion aimed at reaching agree...
• cream The thick yellowish-white liquid that rises to the top of milk; or a soft sub...
• rapid Happening or moving very quickly; fast
• cancel To decide that an arranged event will not happen; to stop or end something
• regret To feel sad or sorry about something that has happened or something you have ...
• dismiss To send someone away; to reject an idea as unworthy of consideration; or to f...
• margin The blank space around the edge of a page; the amount by which something wins...
• opponent A person who competes against or disagrees with another; a rival or adversary
• resist To withstand or fight against something; to refuse to accept or comply with
• capability The ability or power to do something; the capacity to achieve a particular ou...
• absolute Complete and total; not limited by conditions or exceptions
• stroke A sudden serious illness affecting the brain; a gentle movement of the hand; ...
• dare To have the courage to do something; or to challenge someone to do something
• barrier Something that blocks or prevents progress or movement; an obstacle
• rid To free yourself or a place of something unwanted
• ruin To destroy or severely damage something
• bury To put something underground or hide it deeply
• counsel Advice or guidance; a lawyer
• frequent Happening often or regularly
• motor An engine that powers a machine or vehicle
• survival The state of continuing to live or exist
• counter A flat surface for transactions; to oppose or respond
• possess To own or have something
• permission Official approval or consent to do something
• float To rest on the surface of a liquid; to move gently
• mad Insane; very angry; extremely enthusiastic
• visible Able to be seen; obvious or noticeable
• impressive Causing admiration through quality or scale
• violent Using or involving physical force intended to hurt
• slave A person owned by and forced to work for another
• wealthy Having a great deal of money or assets
• journal A daily record of events; an academic publication
• coal A black solid fuel formed from ancient plants
• random Without pattern or predictable order; by chance
• successfully In a way that achieves the desired result
• illustration A picture or drawing; an example that explains
• burst To break open suddenly; a sudden release of energy
• mutual Shared by two or more people; reciprocal
• rail A bar or track for trains; to complain bitterly
• motivate To give someone a reason to do something
• promotion Advancement to a higher position; advertising activity
• passion Strong enthusiasm or intense emotion
• fulfill To carry out or satisfy; to achieve potential
• dust Fine dry particles; to remove dust
• roughly Approximately; in a rough manner
• skirt A women's garment; to go around the edge
• province An administrative division of a country; an area of expertise
• evaluation The process of carefully examining and judging something
• accomplish To successfully complete or achieve something
• glance A brief or quick look
• opera A dramatic work combining music, singing, and sometimes dance
• aggressive Hostile, forceful, or assertive in a confrontational way
• format The arrangement or layout of something; to arrange in a particular way
• literary Relating to literature or the writing of books
• praise To express approval or admiration; words of approval
• silent Making no sound; not speaking
• pump A device for moving liquids or gases; to move liquid using such a device
• publisher A company or person that produces and distributes books, newspapers, or other...
• celebration A party or special event to mark a happy occasion
• compensation Money paid to someone for loss, injury, or work; something that makes up for ...
• weigh To measure how heavy something is; to consider carefully
• versus Against; in contrast or competition with
• deficit A shortfall; the amount by which something is less than what is needed
• modify To change something slightly; to make partial alterations
• flash A sudden brief burst of light; to shine suddenly and brightly
• profession A job requiring special training or education; an occupation
• literally In a literal sense; exactly as stated (also used for emphasis)
• gesture A movement of the hand or body to express meaning; an action showing intention
• entertain To provide amusement; to host guests; to consider an idea
• assign To give a task or responsibility to someone; to allocate
• inflation A general increase in prices and decrease in purchasing power
• historic Famous or important in history; potentially significant for the future
• injure To cause physical harm or damage to someone
• remote Far away in distance or time; slight or unlikely
• orange A citrus fruit; a colour between red and yellow
• twist To turn or rotate; an unexpected development
• throat The front part of the neck, or the passage inside the neck for food and air
• insight A deep understanding of something, or the ability to perceive the true nature...
• tackle To deal with a difficult problem or task; in sports, to try to take the ball ...
• exceed To go beyond a limit, number, or amount; to be greater than
• pregnant Having a baby developing inside the body; or full of meaning or significance
• reliable Able to be trusted or depended upon; consistently good in quality or performance
• poet A person who writes poems
• fortune A large amount of money or wealth; luck or chance; what will happen in the fu...
• ceremony A formal event or ritual marking an important occasion
• pile A heap or stack of things placed on top of each other; to stack or heap things
• mixture A combination of different things or substances blended together
• scholar A person who studies a subject in great depth; an expert in an academic field
• psychological Relating to the mind, mental processes, or emotions
• participation The act of taking part in something or being involved in an activity
• penalty A punishment for breaking a rule or law; a disadvantage or difficulty
• chamber A large room used for formal meetings; an enclosed space or cavity
• poetry Literary work that uses rhythmic and imaginative language to express ideas an...
• evolve To develop gradually over time; to change through biological evolution
• sake For the purpose or benefit of someone or something
• boost To increase or improve something; an increase or improvement
• tail The rear part of an animal's body; the back end of something; to follow closely
• possession The state of owning or having something; a thing that one owns
• abortion The deliberate ending of a pregnancy; the termination of a process before com...
• boom A period of rapid economic growth; a deep, resonant sound; to make such a sound
• tale A story, especially one that is imaginary or not true
• democratic Relating to democracy or government by the people; fair and equal
• maintenance The process of keeping something in good condition; regular care and repair
• consequently As a result; therefore
• pot A container for cooking, growing plants, or storing things
• whilst While; during the time that; although (British English)
• fold To bend something over on itself; to close down or fail
• bin A container for rubbish or storage; to throw away
• potentially Possibly; with the capacity to develop into something
• scope The range, extent, or area covered by something
• intense Very strong, extreme, or concentrated in degree
• inquiry A formal investigation or a request for information
• resign To voluntarily leave a job or position
• craft A skilled activity or trade; a boat or aircraft
• strict Demanding complete obedience or exact adherence to rules
• concrete A building material; specific and definite rather than abstract
• shell The hard outer covering of something; an explosive projectile
• damn A mild swear word expressing frustration or emphasis
• distinct Clearly different or separate; easily perceived
• humor The quality of being amusing; a mood or state of mind
• limitation A restriction or boundary; a shortcoming or weakness
• stability The state of being steady, secure, and not changing
• wise Having good judgment and experience; as a suffix, relating to
• neglect To fail to care for or give attention to something
• compose To create music or writing; to make up or form
• jail A place where people are held as punishment for crimes
• shelter A place giving protection from weather or danger
• mere Used to emphasise how small or insignificant something is
• trigger Something that causes an event or reaction to start
• pipe A tube for conveying water or gas; a smoking instrument
• destruction The act of destroying something completely
• guitar A stringed musical instrument played by plucking or strumming
• flag A piece of fabric used as a symbol; to mark or signal
• piano A large keyboard musical instrument with strings
• magic The power to make impossible things happen; wonderful quality
• mystery Something that is difficult to understand or explain
• ski Long runners attached to boots for gliding on snow
• whisper To speak very softly; a very quiet voice or sound
• moon Earth's natural satellite; to dream or behave in a distracted way
• presumably Used to say something is probably true based on reasonable assumption
• bless To ask for divine favour; to bring happiness to
• jury A group of citizens selected to hear evidence and decide a verdict in court
• cooperation The act of working together with others to achieve a common goal
• civilian A person who is not a member of the armed forces or police
• regardless Without being affected or influenced by something; despite circumstances
• scan To look at quickly; to use a device to capture an image or data
• bunch A group or collection of things held together; informally, a lot of something
• racial Relating to race or different groups of people based on physical characteristics
• greet To welcome or acknowledge someone when meeting them
• sanction Penalties imposed to enforce compliance; official permission or approval
• trick A cunning action to deceive; a skilful act for entertainment; a clever technique
• maker A person or company that makes or manufactures something
• belt A strip worn around the waist; a continuous band; a geographical region
• potato A starchy tuberous vegetable that grows underground
• narrative A spoken or written account of connected events; a story
• tissue A group of cells performing a function; a thin soft paper for cleaning
• barely Only just; almost not; with difficulty
• pro A professional; a prefix meaning in favour of or supporting
• shine To give off or reflect light; to excel or stand out
• motivation The reason behind a person's actions or willingness to do something
• firmly In a strong, steady, or definite manner
• interior The inside part of something; relating to the inside
• pray To address words or thoughts to a god or deity; to hope earnestly
• servant A person who performs duties for others; a government employee
• immigrant A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
• excess An amount more than necessary or desirable; extreme behaviour
• complexity The state of being composed of many interconnected parts
• liability The state of being legally responsible for something
• extract To remove or take out something, often with effort or a special process
• implementation The process of putting a plan, decision, or policy into effect
• bias A tendency to favour or oppose something in an unfair way
• continuous Happening or existing without interruption
• stamp A small piece of paper showing postage has been paid; to mark with an officia...
• guideline A general rule or piece of advice about how to do something
• envelope A flat paper container for a letter or document
• knife A tool or utensil with a sharp blade used for cutting
• biological Relating to biology or living organisms
• consume To eat, drink, or use up something
• luxury Something expensive and enjoyable but not essential
• wherever In or to any place; no matter where
• bite To cut into something with the teeth
• adventure An exciting or unusual experience, often involving risk
• exhaust To tire out completely; waste gases from an engine
• attraction Something that draws interest; a feeling of being drawn to something
• quietly In a quiet manner; without making much noise or fuss
• castle A large fortified building from medieval times
• veteran A person with long experience; a former member of the armed forces
• reflection An image seen in a mirror; serious thought or consideration
• nerve A fibre carrying signals in the body; courage or boldness
• fiction Literature about imaginary events and people; something untrue
• cluster A group of similar things close together
• confusion A state of being uncertain or unclear; a disorderly situation
• hurry To move or act quickly; a rush or urgency
• logic Reasoning conducted according to strict principles; sensible thought
• controversial Causing or likely to cause disagreement or argument
• raw Not cooked; in a natural state; unprocessed
• grammar The rules governing language structure
• revise To look over and correct; to study again before an exam (British)
• hint A slight indication or suggestion; a helpful tip
• hook A curved piece for catching or hanging things; to catch or attach
• bell A hollow metal object that makes a ringing sound when struck
• liquid A substance that flows freely like water; not solid or gas
• panic Sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety
• slope A surface at an angle; an incline or gradient
• genuine Real and authentic; sincere and honest
• vessel A ship or large boat; a container for liquids; a tube in the body
• verb A word expressing an action, state, or occurrence
• reckon To think or believe; to calculate or estimate (informal)
• silly Lacking common sense; foolish or playfully absurd
• harbor A sheltered area of water for ships; to give shelter to
• chase To pursue someone or something; the act of pursuing
• storage Space or place where things are kept; the act of storing
• universe All of space, time, matter, and energy that exists
• horrible Causing fear, shock, or disgust; very unpleasant
• rat A rodent larger than a mouse; slang for an informer
• innocent Not guilty; lacking experience of evil; naive
• substitute A person or thing that takes the place of another
• supplement Something added to complete or enhance; vitamins
• adjustment A small change or modification; the act of adapting
• filter A device that removes unwanted substances; to select
• flexible Capable of bending easily; able to change or adapt
• abstract Existing in thought or as an idea; not concrete
• tent A portable shelter made of fabric supported by poles
• precise Exact, accurate, and clearly expressed
• distant Far away in space or time; not friendly
• stranger A person one does not know; an outsider
• shade An area blocked from direct sunlight; a slight variation
• summarize To give a brief statement of the main points
• leap To jump a long distance; a sudden large change
• snap To break suddenly; to speak sharply; a quick photo
• probability The likelihood of something happening
• uncertainty The state of being unsure or not knowing
• refugee A person who has fled their country due to danger
• shore The land along the edge of water; a coast
• comprise To be made up of; to consist of
• stir To mix by moving a spoon; to cause excitement
• excitement A feeling of eager enthusiasm and anticipation
• sigh A deep audible breath expressing relief or sadness
• pregnancy The condition of carrying a developing baby
• institutional Relating to large organisations; established and formal
• wander To walk slowly without a fixed direction or purpose
• empire A group of nations under one ruler; a large business
• subsequently After something else; later
• gentle Soft and mild; not harsh or violent
• voluntary Done by choice, not forced or required; unpaid
• pale Light in colour; having less colour than usual, especially in the face
• stain A mark or discolouration that is difficult to remove; to leave such a mark
• organic Produced without artificial chemicals; relating to living organisms
• structural Relating to the structure or framework of something
• fool A silly or stupid person; to trick or deceive someone
• alongside Next to or together with; at the side of
• unite To join together; to come together for a common purpose
• gently In a soft, mild, or careful manner; not roughly or harshly
• wipe To clean or dry a surface by rubbing; to remove something completely
• weird Strange, unusual, or difficult to explain
• gaze To look steadily at something for a long time
• fade To gradually become less bright, loud, or strong; to disappear slowly
• hypothesis A proposed explanation for something that can be tested
• royal Relating to a king or queen; of excellent quality
• theoretical Based on theory rather than practical experience
• curtain A piece of fabric hung to cover a window or divide a space
• darkness The absence of light; a state of gloom or ignorance
• registration The act of officially recording information; the process of signing up
• fragment A small piece broken off something; an incomplete part
• ugly Unpleasant to look at; morally offensive or threatening
• module A self-contained unit or section that forms part of a larger system
• faithfully In a loyal and reliable manner; exactly and accurately
• attachment Something joined or connected; an emotional bond; a file sent with an email
• grin A wide smile showing teeth
• noun A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea
• fortunate Lucky; having good fortune
• lazy Unwilling to work or use energy; moving slowly
• hello A greeting used when meeting someone or answering the phone
• hunger The feeling of wanting or needing food; a strong desire
• insure To protect against risk by paying an insurance company; to make certain
• found To establish or create an organisation; past tense of 'find'
• thirst The feeling of needing to drink; a strong desire for something
• dominate To have control or power over; to be the most important or noticeable