Philosophy & Ethics

Vocabulary for moral reasoning and abstract thought

はじめに

哲学は、知識、存在、道徳についての根本的な問いを語るための語彙を提供してくれます。倫理的ジレンマ、論理的な議論、何千年にもわたって思想家たちを悩ませてきた大きな問いに取り組むための言葉です。

この章では、哲学と倫理の世界から一般的な用法にも広がった語彙を扱います。推論、議論、抽象的な概念を精密に語る力を磨きましょう。

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この章の上級英単語一覧（29）

• altruism The selfless concern for the welfare of others; acting in the interest of oth...
• ethics The branch of philosophy concerned with moral principles that govern right an...
• morality The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and...
• virtue A quality considered morally good or desirable in a person, such as courage, ...
• hedonism The philosophical doctrine that pleasure is the highest good and the proper a...
• pragmatism A practical, results-oriented approach to problems and situations rather than...
• empiricism The philosophical theory that all knowledge is derived from sense experience ...
• rationalism The philosophical theory that reason and logical thinking, rather than experi...
• existential Relating to existence, particularly human existence and its fundamental natur...
• nihilism The philosophical belief that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or ...
• stoic A person who endures pain, hardship, or misfortune without displaying emotion...
• utilitarian Relating to utilitarianism, the ethical theory that the best action is the on...
• deontological Relating to deontology, the branch of ethics that judges the morality of an a...
• consequential Having important results, effects, or implications; significant. In ethics, r...
• autonomy The right or condition of self-governance; the ability of an individual or gr...
• consent Permission for something to happen or agreement to do something; voluntary ag...
• dilemma A situation in which a difficult choice must be made between two or more alte...
• paradox A seemingly contradictory or absurd statement or situation that, upon investi...
• fallacy A mistaken belief or a flaw in reasoning that renders an argument invalid, de...
• axiom A statement or principle that is regarded as being self-evidently true and re...
• inference A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning, rather than from...
• deduction The process of reasoning from general principles to a specific conclusion; al...
• induction The process of reasoning from specific observations to a general conclusion; ...
• syllogism A form of deductive reasoning consisting of two premises and a conclusion, wh...
• scepticism A questioning or doubting attitude towards accepted beliefs, claims, or knowl...
• dogma A set of principles or beliefs laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly ...
• ideology A system of ideas and ideals forming the basis of a political, economic, or s...
• epistemology The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature, sources, and limits of kn...
• ontology The branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of being, existe...