Law & Governance

Legal and political vocabulary for civic discourse

はじめに

法律や政治の言葉は、権利、責任、ガバナンスについての議論を形づくります。ニュース報道、政策討論、社会の仕組みに関するあらゆる会話に登場する言葉です。

この章では、法的概念、政治プロセス、市民制度を理解するために欠かせない語彙を扱います。正義、規制、民主主義への参加について、より深く議論できるようになります。

テーマ

この章の上級英単語一覧（25）

• jurisdiction The official authority to make legal decisions and judgements; also, the geog...
• statute A written law passed by a legislative body such as Parliament; also, a rule o...
• tribunal A body established to settle disputes or hear appeals, especially outside the...
• litigation The process of taking legal action through the court system; the act of engag...
• arbitration A method of resolving disputes outside the courts in which an independent thi...
• plaintiff A person who brings a civil case against another in a court of law. In Englan...
• defendant A person or organisation accused of a crime or sued in a civil case; the part...
• verdict The decision reached by a jury or judge at the end of a trial; more broadly, ...
• precedent A previous decision, case, or action that serves as a guide or justification ...
• constitutional Relating to or in accordance with a constitution; also, relating to the funda...
• sovereignty Supreme authority and power of a state to govern itself independently; the fu...
• bureaucracy A system of government or administration characterised by strict procedures, ...
• mandate An official order or authorisation to carry out a policy or course of action;...
• ratify To formally approve or confirm a treaty, agreement, or decision, giving it of...
• veto The constitutional right or power to reject a decision, proposal, or piece of...
• prosecution The institution and conduct of legal proceedings against someone in a crimina...
• testimony A formal statement or declaration given under oath, especially by a witness i...
• allegation A claim or assertion that someone has done something wrong or illegal, typica...
• indictment A formal charge or accusation of a serious crime; figuratively, something tha...
• acquit To formally declare someone not guilty of a criminal charge; also, to conduct...
• comply To act in accordance with a rule, order, request, or set of regulations.
• judicial Relating to the administration of justice, the court system, or the role of a...
• enact To make a bill or proposal into law through legislative action; also, to act ...
• decree An official order or decision issued by a legal authority, government, or rul...
• petition A formal written request, typically signed by many people, appealing to an au...