refutation
意味: The act of proving a statement, theory, or argument to be wrong or false, typically through evidence or logical reasoning.
Refutation is stronger than 'rebuttal' — a rebuttal argues against a claim, but a refutation aims to demolish it conclusively. In Karl Popper's philosophy of science, refutation (or falsifiability) is the defining criterion of scientific theory: a hypothesis that cannot in principle be refuted is not scientific. In legal contexts, refutation refers to the presentation of counter-evidence. The word carries considerable rhetorical force, implying that the argument in question has been decisively defeated rather than merely challenged.
例文
- The discovery of a single black swan served as a refutation of the long-held belief that all swans were white. 一只黑天鹅的发现就足以驳斥长期以来所有天鹅都是白色的信念。El descubrimiento de un solo cisne negro sirvió como refutación de la creencia largamente sostenida de que todos los cisnes eran blancos.一羽の黒い白鳥の発見は、すべての白鳥は白いという長年の信念に対する反駁となった。단 한 마리의 검은 백조의 발견은 모든 백조가 희다는 오랜 믿음에 대한 반박이 되었다.
- Popper argued that scientific progress depends not on verification but on the attempted refutation of bold conjectures. 波普尔认为,科学进步不在于验证,而在于对大胆猜想的尝试性驳斥。Popper argumentó que el progreso científico no depende de la verificación, sino del intento de refutación de conjeturas audaces.ポパーは、科学の進歩は検証ではなく、大胆な推測に対する反駁の試みにかかっていると論じた。포퍼는 과학의 진보가 검증이 아니라 대담한 추측에 대한 반박의 시도에 달려 있다고 주장했다.
- The barrister's refutation of the prosecution's timeline was the turning point in the trial. 辩护律师对控方时间线的驳斥成为审判的转折点。La refutación de la cronología de la acusación por parte del abogado defensor fue el punto de inflexión del juicio.弁護側弁護士による検察側のタイムラインの反駁が、裁判の転換点となった。변호인의 검찰 측 타임라인에 대한 반박이 재판의 전환점이 되었다.
発音
使い方ガイド
場面: academic, journalism, legal
トーン: neutral
起源と歴史
From Latin refutationem, from refutare (to drive back, disprove), possibly from re- (back) + a root related to futare (to beat). Entered English in the 16th century.
文化的背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
このトピックの他の表現
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