proportional
意味: Corresponding in size, degree, or intensity to something else; having a constant ratio to another quantity. In politics, relating to a system in which seats are allocated in proportion to votes received.
Proportional appears across mathematical, legal, political, and everyday contexts. In mathematics and science, it describes a fixed relationship between variables (directly or inversely proportional). In law, 'proportional' is a key test in human rights jurisprudence: restrictions on rights must be proportional to the aim pursued. In politics, 'proportional representation' contrasts with first-past-the-post voting. The word implies fairness and balance. It collocates with 'proportional to,' 'proportional representation,' 'proportional response,' and 'directly proportional.'
例文
- The force required to stretch a spring is directly proportional to the distance by which it is extended. 伸展弹簧所需的力与弹簧被拉伸的距离成正比。La fuerza necesaria para estirar un muelle es directamente proporcional a la distancia de la extensión.バネを伸ばすのに必要な力は、伸ばされた距離に正比例する。용수철을 늘리는 데 필요한 힘은 늘어난 거리에 정비례한다.
- The court held that the penalty imposed was not proportional to the severity of the offence and reduced the sentence accordingly. 法院认为所施加的处罚与犯罪的严重程度不成比例,因此减轻了刑期。El tribunal consideró que la pena impuesta no era proporcional a la gravedad del delito y redujo la condena en consecuencia.裁判所は、課された刑罰が犯罪の重大さに比例していないと判断し、刑期を相応に減じた。법원은 부과된 형벌이 범죄의 중대성에 비례하지 않는다고 판단하고 그에 따라 형량을 감경했다.
- Advocates of proportional representation argue that it produces parliaments that more accurately reflect the will of the electorate. 比例代表制的倡导者认为,它能产生更准确反映选民意愿的议会。Los defensores de la representación proporcional argumentan que produce parlamentos que reflejan con mayor exactitud la voluntad del electorado.比例代表制の支持者たちは、それが有権者の意思をより正確に反映する議会を生み出すと主張する。비례대표제 옹호자들은 그것이 유권자의 의사를 더 정확히 반영하는 의회를 만들어낸다고 주장한다.
発音
使い方ガイド
場面: academic, political, legal, scientific
トーン: neutral
起源と歴史
From Late Latin proportionalis, from Latin proportio meaning 'comparative relation, analogy,' from pro portione (according to the share). Entered English in the 14th century.
文化的背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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