equivocation
意味: The use of ambiguous or vague language to avoid committing to a clear position, or to mislead without technically lying. In logic, a fallacy arising from the use of a word with two or more meanings.
Equivocation sits at the intersection of rhetoric and logic. In everyday political and legal language, it describes evasive speech — the art of seeming to answer a question without actually doing so. In formal logic, the fallacy of equivocation occurs when an argument shifts the meaning of a key term between premises, producing an invalid conclusion that appears valid. Shakespeare explored equivocation memorably in Macbeth, where the witches' prophecies are literally true but deliberately misleading.
例文
- The prime minister's equivocation on the question of tax rises frustrated both journalists and backbenchers. 首相在增税问题上的含糊其辞让记者和后座议员都感到沮丧。La equivocación del primer ministro sobre la cuestión de las subidas de impuestos frustró tanto a los periodistas como a los diputados de su propio partido.増税の問題に関する首相の曖昧な態度は、ジャーナリストと与党議員の双方を苛立たせた。증세 문제에 대한 총리의 애매한 태도는 언론인과 여당 의원 모두를 좌절시켰다.
- The argument commits the fallacy of equivocation by using 'bank' to mean both a financial institution and a riverbank. 该论证犯了歧义谬误,将'bank'一词同时用于指金融机构和河岸。El argumento comete la falacia de equivocación al usar «bank» para significar tanto una institución financiera como la orilla de un río.その論証は「bank」を金融機関と川岸の両方の意味で用いることで、多義の誤謬を犯している。이 논증은 'bank'를 금융기관과 강둑이라는 두 가지 의미로 사용함으로써 다의어 오류를 범하고 있다.
- After weeks of equivocation, the board finally announced its decision to proceed with the merger. 经过数周的含糊其辞之后,董事会终于宣布了继续推进合并的决定。Tras semanas de equivocación, la junta directiva anunció finalmente su decisión de proceder con la fusión.数週間にわたる曖昧な態度の後、取締役会はついに合併を進めるという決定を発表した。수 주간의 우유부단한 태도 끝에 이사회는 마침내 합병을 추진하겠다는 결정을 발표했다.
発音
使い方ガイド
場面: academic, journalism, legal
トーン: critical
起源と歴史
From Latin aequivocationem, from aequivocus (of equal voice, ambiguous), from aequus (equal) + vox (voice). Entered English in the late 14th century, with the logical sense formalised in medieval scholasticism.
文化的背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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