dualism
意味: The philosophical theory that mind and body are fundamentally distinct substances; more broadly, any theory that divides something into two irreducible categories.
The most famous version of dualism is Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, which holds that the mind (a thinking, non-physical substance) and the body (a physical, non-thinking substance) are separate entities. Dualism also appears in theology (good versus evil), metaphysics, and cultural studies. It is contrasted with monism, which holds that reality is fundamentally one kind of substance.
例文
- Descartes' dualism posited that the mind and body are entirely separate substances that interact through the pineal gland. 笛卡尔的二元论认为心灵和身体是完全独立的实体,通过松果体进行交互。El dualismo de Descartes postulaba que mente y cuerpo son sustancias enteramente separadas que interactúan a través de la glándula pineal.デカルトの二元論は、心と身体が松果体を介して相互作用する完全に別個の実体であると主張しました。데카르트의 이원론은 마음과 몸이 송과선을 통해 상호작용하는 완전히 별개의 실체라고 주장하였다.
- Religious dualism sees the universe as a battleground between the forces of good and evil. 宗教二元论将宇宙视为善与恶力量之间的战场。El dualismo religioso concibe el universo como un campo de batalla entre las fuerzas del bien y del mal.宗教的二元論は、宇宙を善と悪の力が争う戦場として捉えます。종교적 이원론은 우주를 선과 악의 힘이 싸우는 전쟁터로 본다.
- Modern neuroscience has largely challenged dualism by demonstrating how mental states arise from brain activity. 现代神经科学通过证明心理状态源于大脑活动,在很大程度上挑战了二元论。La neurociencia moderna ha cuestionado en gran medida el dualismo al demostrar cómo los estados mentales surgen de la actividad cerebral.現代の神経科学は、精神状態が脳の活動から生じることを実証することで、二元論に大きく異議を唱えてきました。현대 신경과학은 정신 상태가 뇌 활동에서 비롯된다는 것을 입증함으로써 이원론에 크게 이의를 제기해 왔다.
発音
使い方ガイド
場面: academic
トーン: neutral
起源と歴史
From Latin dualis (containing two), from duo (two), with the suffix -ism. First used philosophically by Thomas Hyde in 1700 to describe Persian religion, then applied to the mind-body problem by Christian Wolff.
文化的背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
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