casuistry
意味: The use of subtle or overly clever reasoning to resolve moral dilemmas, often with the implication of intellectual dishonesty. Also, the legitimate branch of applied ethics that resolves particular cases by appeal to general principles.
Casuistry has both a neutral and a pejorative sense, and the context usually makes clear which is intended. In its positive sense, it is a method of ethical reasoning — case-based analysis — that was central to Jesuit moral theology and has experienced a revival in modern bioethics. In its negative sense, it means specious moral reasoning, the art of finding convenient justifications for dubious actions. The word is often used alongside 'sophistry' but carries a specifically moral dimension that sophistry lacks.
例文
- Critics accused the government of casuistry in arguing that the policy did not technically constitute a tax increase. 批评者指责政府使用决疑术,辩称该政策在技术上并不构成增税。Los críticos acusaron al gobierno de casuística por argumentar que la medida no constituía técnicamente una subida de impuestos.批判者たちは、その政策が技術的には増税に当たらないと主張した政府を、決疑論だと非難した。비판자들은 그 정책이 기술적으로는 증세에 해당하지 않는다고 주장한 정부를 결의론이라고 비난했다.
- In medical ethics, casuistry offers a practical alternative to rigid principle-based approaches, allowing clinicians to reason from analogous cases. 在医学伦理中,决疑术提供了一种替代僵化的原则方法的实用选择,使临床医生能够从类似案例中进行推理。En ética médica, la casuística ofrece una alternativa práctica a los enfoques estrictamente basados en principios, permitiendo a los clínicos razonar a partir de casos análogos.医療倫理において、決疑論は厳格な原則主義に代わる実践的な方法を提供し、臨床医が類似の事例から推論することを可能にする。의료 윤리에서 결의론은 엄격한 원칙 기반 접근법에 대한 실용적 대안을 제공하여, 임상의가 유사한 사례로부터 추론할 수 있게 한다.
- The theologian was accused of casuistry for constructing elaborate justifications for what most people regarded as straightforwardly wrong. 该神学家被指控使用决疑术,为多数人认为明显错误的事情构建精心设计的辩护理由。El teólogo fue acusado de casuística por construir justificaciones elaboradas para lo que la mayoría consideraba sencillamente incorrecto.その神学者は、ほとんどの人が端的に間違っていると見なすことに対して手の込んだ正当化を構築したとして、決疑論と批判された。그 신학자는 대부분의 사람들이 명백히 잘못되었다고 보는 것에 대해 정교한 정당화를 구축했다는 이유로 결의론이라는 비판을 받았다.
発音
使い方ガイド
場面: academic, journalism
トーン: critical
起源と歴史
From French casuisterie, from Latin casus (a fall, an occasion, a case), from cadere (to fall). The term arose in the 17th century in connection with Jesuit moral theology and was attacked by Pascal in his Provincial Letters.
文化的背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
このトピックの他の表現
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