Control & Power

Phrasal verbs for authority and influence

はじめに

力関係は私たちのやり取りを形作り、句動詞はそれを映し出します。人は組織を「take over（引き継ぐ・乗っ取る）」し、地位から「step down（退く）」し、権威に「stand up（立ち向かう）」する。これらの表現は支配のプッシュ＆プルを捉えています。

この章では、権力に関する句動詞を学びます。支配権を得ること、失うこと、権力を行使すること、そして他者の権力に抵抗すること。

テーマ

この章の句動詞一覧（87）

• take over To gain control of something
• give up To surrender or stop trying
• hold back To restrain or prevent from advancing
• keep down To control or suppress; to not vomit food
• crack down To take severe measures against something
• clamp down To become stricter about controlling something
• let go To release; to fire from a job; to stop holding on emotionally
• rein in To control or limit something
• stamp out To eliminate or put an end to something
• bring down To cause to fall or fail; to make sad
• put down To criticize; to suppress; to euthanize
• rule out To exclude as a possibility
• ward off To prevent something harmful
• shut out To exclude; to block out
• fend off To defend against or resist
• take charge To assume control or responsibility
• back down To withdraw from a position
• stand up to To resist or confront
• lay down To establish rules firmly
• ease up To relax pressure or control
• let up To reduce in intensity
• tighten up To make stricter or more secure
• loosen up To relax or become less strict
• stand down To withdraw from a position or stop being ready for action
• back off To retreat or stop pressuring someone
• stand up for To defend or support someone or something
• clamp down on To take strict action to stop or control something
• crack down on To take severe measures against something
• wipe out To completely destroy or eliminate
• hold down To keep in a position or maintain control of
• bring under To bring something under control or authority
• hold in To restrain or suppress emotions
• let out To release or allow to escape
• give in To surrender or stop resisting
• knuckle under To submit to authority or pressure
• bow down To show submission or worship
• lord over To act superior and dominate others
• boss around To give orders to someone in an annoying way
• push around To bully or treat someone badly
• order about To give commands to someone constantly
• keep in line To make someone behave properly
• bring into line To make someone conform to rules or standards
• fall into line To conform and do what is expected
• step out of line To behave inappropriately or break rules
• whip into shape To improve something or someone through discipline
• knock into shape To improve through forceful effort
• pull rank To use your senior position to get your way
• throw weight around To use power or influence aggressively
• set down To establish or write down rules formally
• put in place To establish or implement systems or measures
• see through To continue until completion or to recognize deception
• follow through To complete what was started or promised
• stick to To continue with or not deviate from something
• abide by To accept and follow rules or decisions
• go along with To agree or cooperate with something
• sign over To officially transfer ownership or rights
• hand down To pass from one generation to another
• pass down To transfer to younger generations
• pass on To give to someone else or decline an offer
• rope in To persuade or force someone to help
• drag in To involve someone or something unnecessarily
• press for To demand or insist on something
• push for To actively try to achieve something
• fight for To struggle to achieve or defend something
• hold out for To refuse to accept less than what you want
• face down To confront and defeat through determination
• stare down To intimidate by staring
• shore up To support or strengthen something weak
• prop up To support something to prevent it failing
• ride out To endure a difficult period
• weather through To survive a difficult period
• hang on To persist or wait
• keep on To continue doing something
• plug away To continue working hard persistently
• peg away To work steadily at something
• hammer away To work intensively at something
• chip away To gradually reduce or weaken something
• whittle down To gradually reduce in size or number
• narrow down To reduce the number of options
• nail down To finalize or secure something
• tie down To restrict or commit someone
• tie up To occupy completely or bind
• lock down To secure or restrict access
• lord it over To behave in a superior way
• bow out To withdraw gracefully
• hold sway To have great influence or power
• seize control To take power forcefully