How do you use "which (referring to whole clause)" in a sentence?

She won the prize, which made her parents proud. He arrived late, which annoyed everyone. The train was delayed, which meant we missed the connection. She speaks five languages, which is impressive.

which (referring to whole clause)

Q: What does "which (referring to whole clause)" mean?

Using which to refer to an entire statement 'Which' can refer to a whole clause or sentence, not just a noun. Always non-defining (with comma). 'He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.' Here 'which' refers to 'He passed the exam.'

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★☆ Common Neutral

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意味: Using which to refer to an entire statement

用which指代整个陈述

Usar which para referirse a una declaración completa

whichを使って文全体を指す

which를 사용하여 문장 전체를 가리키기

'Which' can refer to a whole clause or sentence, not just a noun. Always non-defining (with comma). 'He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.' Here 'which' refers to 'He passed the exam.'

'Which'可以指代整个从句或句子，而不仅仅是名词。总是非限定性的（有逗号）。'He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.'这里'which'指的是'He passed the exam'。

'Which' puede referirse a toda una cláusula u oración, no solo a un sustantivo. Siempre es no definida (con coma). 'He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.' Aquí 'which' se refiere a 'He passed the exam.'

「Which」は名詞だけでなく、文全体を指すことができます。常に非限定的（コンマあり）。「He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.」ここで「which」は「He passed the exam」を指します。

'Which'는 명사뿐만 아니라 절이나 문장 전체를 가리킬 수 있습니다. 항상 비제한적(쉼표 포함)으로 사용됩니다. 'He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.' 여기서 'which'는 'He passed the exam' 전체를 가리킵니다.

例文

She won the prize, which made her parents proud.
她获奖了，这让她父母很骄傲。
Ganó el premio, lo cual enorgulleció a sus padres.
彼女は賞を取りました。それは両親を誇りに思わせました。
그녀가 상을 받았는데, 그것이 부모님을 자랑스럽게 했어요.
He arrived late, which annoyed everyone.
他迟到了，这让每个人都很恼火。
Llegó tarde, lo cual molestó a todos.
彼は遅刻しました。それはみんなを困らせました。
그가 늦게 도착했는데, 그것이 모두를 짜증나게 했어요.
The train was delayed, which meant we missed the connection.
火车延误了，这意味着我们错过了换乘。
El tren se retrasó, lo cual significó que perdimos la conexión.
電車が遅れました。それで乗り継ぎを逃しました。
기차가 연착되었는데, 그 때문에 환승을 놓쳤어요.
She speaks five languages, which is impressive.
她会说五种语言，这很令人印象深刻。
Habla cinco idiomas, lo cual es impresionante.
彼女は5か国語を話します。それは印象的です。
그녀는 다섯 개 국어를 하는데, 그것은 인상적이에요.

発音

使い方ガイド

場面: spoken, written, everyday

トーン: commenting

✓ 正しい言い方

He didn't call, which worried me.
他没打电话，这让我很担心。
Él no llamó, lo cual me preocupó.
彼は電話しなくて、心配しました。
그가 전화하지 않았는데, 그것이 걱정됐어요.
She agreed immediately, which surprised us.
她立即同意了，这让我们很惊讶。
Ella aceptó inmediatamente, lo cual nos sorprendió.
彼女はすぐに同意しました。それは驚きでした。
그녀가 즉시 동의했는데, 그것이 우리를 놀라게 했어요.
The meeting was cancelled, which was a relief.
会议被取消了，这是一种解脱。
La reunión fue cancelada, lo cual fue un alivio.
会議がキャンセルされて、ほっとしました。
회의가 취소되었는데, 그것이 다행이었어요.
He forgot my birthday, which upset me.
他忘了我的生日，这让我很不高兴。
Él olvidó mi cumpleaños, lo cual me molestó.
彼は私の誕生日を忘れて、悲しかったです。
그가 제 생일을 잊었는데, 그것이 속상했어요.
He won, which surprised me.
他赢了，这让我很惊讶。
Ganó, lo cual me sorprendió.
彼が勝ちました。それは私を驚かせました。
그가 이겼는데, 그건 나를 놀라게 했어.

✗ 間違った言い方

He won, that surprised me. (use 'which' for sentences)
He won, that surprised me.（句子用'which'）
He won, that surprised me. (usar 'which' para oraciones)
He won, that surprised me.（文には「which」を使う）
He won, that surprised me.（문장을 가리킬 때는 'which'를 사용）
He won which surprised me. (need comma before 'which')
He won which surprised me.（'which'前需要逗号）
He won which surprised me. (necesita coma antes de 'which')
He won which surprised me.（「which」の前にコンマが必要）
He won which surprised me.（'which' 앞에 쉼표가 필요）

起源と歴史

Sentential relative clause

文化的背景

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

このトピックの他の表現

what (relative) ★★★★★ Using 'what' to mean 'the thing(s) that' Defining vs Non-defining Clauses ★★★★☆ Essential vs extra information about nouns whose / where / when ★★★★☆ Relative pronouns for possession, place, and time Prepositions in Relative Clauses ★★★★☆ Where to place prepositions with relative pronouns Non-defining Relative Clauses ★★★★☆ Extra, removable information about a noun whose (possession in relatives) ★★★★☆ Relative pronoun for possession