Present Perfect Simple
Grammar Pattern
BritishAmericanAustralian
★★★★★ Very Common
Neutral
意味: Connects past actions to the present moment
将过去的行为与现在联系起来
Conecta acciones pasadas con el momento presente
過去の行動を現在につなげる
과거의 행동을 현재와 연결하기
The present perfect (have/has + past participle) describes: experiences in your life (unspecified time), actions with present results, situations that started in the past and continue now. Key time expressions: ever, never, already, yet, just, for, since.
现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）描述：人生经历（未指定时间）、有现在结果的动作、从过去开始并持续至今的情况。关键时间表达：ever, never, already, yet, just, for, since。
El presente perfecto (have/has + participio pasado) describe: experiencias en tu vida (tiempo no especificado), acciones con resultados presentes, situaciones que comenzaron en el pasado y continúan ahora. Expresiones clave: ever, never, already, yet, just, for, since.
現在完了形（have/has + 過去分詞）は次を表します：人生の経験（時間未指定）、現在に結果がある行動、過去に始まり今も続く状況。重要な時間表現：ever, never, already, yet, just, for, since。
현재완료 (have/has + 과거분사)의 용법: 인생에서의 경험 (불특정 시간), 현재 결과가 있는 행동, 과거에 시작되어 지금까지 계속되는 상황. 주요 시간 표현: ever, never, already, yet, just, for, since.
例文
- I have visited Paris three times.' (life experience) 我去过巴黎三次。'（人生经历）He visitado París tres veces.' (experiencia de vida)パリには3回行ったことがあります。'（人生経験）파리에 세 번 가본 적이 있어요.' (인생 경험)
- She has lost her keys.' (present result) 她把钥匙弄丢了。'（现在的结果）Ella ha perdido sus llaves.' (resultado presente)彼女は鍵をなくしました。'（現在の結果）그녀는 열쇠를 잃어버렸어요.' (현재의 결과)
- I have lived here for five years.' (continuing situation) 我在这里住了五年了。'（持续的情况）He vivido aquí durante cinco años.' (situación continua)ここに5年間住んでいます。'（継続している状況）여기에 5년째 살고 있어요.' (계속되는 상황)
- Have you ever eaten sushi?' (experience question) 你吃过寿司吗？'（经验问题）¿Alguna vez has comido sushi?' (pregunta de experiencia)寿司を食べたことがありますか？'（経験の質問）초밥을 먹어본 적 있어요?' (경험 질문)
発音
使い方ガイド
場面: spoken, written, everyday
トーン: descriptive
✓ 正しい言い方
- I've already done it.我已经做完了。Ya lo he hecho.もう終わりました。이미 했어요.
- She hasn't arrived yet.她还没到。Ella no ha llegado todavía.彼女はまだ着いていません。그녀는 아직 도착하지 않았어요.
- Have you ever been to Japan?你去过日本吗？¿Alguna vez has estado en Japón?日本に行ったことはありますか？일본에 가본 적 있어요?
- I've known him since 2010.我从2010年就认识他了。Lo conozco desde 2010.2010年から彼を知っています。2010년부터 그를 알고 있어요.
- I visited Paris yesterday.我昨天去了巴黎。Visité París ayer.昨日パリを訪れました。어제 파리를 방문했습니다.
- I have lived here for five years.我在这里住了五年了。He vivido aquí por cinco años.ここに5年間住んでいます。저는 여기서 5년 동안 살고 있습니다.
- I have seen the film.我看过那部电影了。He visto la película.その映画を見たことがあります。저는 그 영화를 봤습니다.
✗ 間違った言い方
- I have visited Paris yesterday. (use past simple with 'yesterday')I have visited Paris yesterday.（'yesterday'用一般过去时）I have visited Paris yesterday. ('yesterday' requiere el pasado simple)I have visited Paris yesterday.（「yesterday」には過去形を使う）I have visited Paris yesterday.（'yesterday'에는 과거형을 사용）
- I live here for five years. (use present perfect for duration)I live here for five years.（持续时间用现在完成时）I live here for five years. (la duración requiere el presente perfecto)I live here for five years.（期間には現在完了形を使う）I live here for five years.（기간에는 현재완료형을 사용）
- I have saw the film. (past participle needed: 'seen')I have saw the film.（需要过去分词'seen'）I have saw the film. (se necesita el participio pasado 'seen')I have saw the film.（過去分詞「seen」が必要）I have saw the film.（과거분사 'seen'이 필요）
起源と歴史
Grammar pattern linking past and present
文化的背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
このトピックの他の表現
Present Perfect vs Past Simple
★★★★★
Choosing between these two tenses
used to
★★★★★
Describes past habits or states that no longer exist
going to vs will
★★★★★
Choosing between two future forms
Present Continuous for Future
★★★★★
Using present continuous for planned arrangements
Gerund vs Infinitive after verbs
★★★★★
Which verbs take -ing, to + verb, or both
would (past habits)
★★★★☆
Describes repeated past actions (but not states)
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