How do you use "this / that / these / those" in a sentence?

This book is mine.' (close, singular) That building over there is the library.' (far, singular) These shoes are comfortable.' (close, plural) Those were the days!' (far in time, plural)

this / that / these / those

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★★ Very Common Neutral

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意味: Demonstratives that point to specific things based on distance

根据距离指向特定事物的指示词

Demostrativos que señalan cosas específicas según la distancia

距離に基づいて特定のものを指す指示詞

거리에 따라 특정 사물을 가리키는 지시사

Use 'this/these' for things close to the speaker in space or time, and 'that/those' for things farther away. 'This/that' are singular, 'these/those' are plural. They can be used as determiners before nouns or as pronouns alone.

'this/these'用于空间或时间上靠近说话者的事物，'that/those'用于较远的事物。'This/that'是单数，'these/those'是复数。它们可以作为限定词放在名词前，也可以单独作代词使用。

Usa 'this/these' para cosas cercanas al hablante en espacio o tiempo, y 'that/those' para cosas más lejanas. 'This/that' son singulares, 'these/those' son plurales. Pueden usarse como determinantes antes de sustantivos o como pronombres solos.

「this/these」は空間的または時間的に話し手に近いものに、「that/those」は遠いものに使います。「This/that」は単数、「these/those」は複数です。名詞の前の限定詞として、または単独で代名詞として使えます。

화자와 공간적·시간적으로 가까운 것에는 'this/these'를, 먼 것에는 'that/those'를 사용합니다. 'this/that'은 단수, 'these/those'는 복수입니다. 명사 앞에서 한정사로, 또는 단독으로 대명사로 사용할 수 있습니다.

例文

This book is mine.' (close, singular)
这本书是我的。'（近，单数）
Este libro es mío.' (cerca, singular)
この本は私のです。'（近い、単数）
이 책은 내 것입니다.' (가까운, 단수)
That building over there is the library.' (far, singular)
那边那栋楼是图书馆。'（远，单数）
Ese edificio de allí es la biblioteca.' (lejos, singular)
あそこのあの建物が図書館です。'（遠い、単数）
저기 저 건물이 도서관입니다.' (먼, 단수)
These shoes are comfortable.' (close, plural)
这些鞋很舒服。'（近，复数）
Estos zapatos son cómodos.' (cerca, plural)
これらの靴は快適です。'（近い、複数）
이 신발들은 편합니다.' (가까운, 복수)
Those were the days!' (far in time, plural)
那些日子真美好！'（时间久远，复数）
¡Esos eran los días!' (lejos en tiempo, plural)
あの頃は良かった！'（時間的に遠い、複数）
그때가 좋았지!' (시간적으로 먼, 복수)

発音

使い方ガイド

場面: spoken, written, everyday

トーン: pointing

✓ 正しい言い方

This is my friend John. (introductions)
This is my friend John.（介绍）
Este es mi amigo John. (presentaciones)
こちらは友人のジョンです。（紹介）
이쪽은 제 친구 존입니다. (소개)
I like that idea.
我喜欢那个主意。
Me gusta esa idea.
そのアイデアが好きです。
그 아이디어가 마음에 듭니다.
Who is this? (on phone)
Who is this?（电话中）
¿Quién es? (al teléfono)
どちら様ですか？（電話で）
누구세요? (전화에서)
These are for you.
这些是给你的。
Estos son para ti.
これらはあなたへです。
이것들은 당신을 위한 거예요.
These are my books.
These are my books. 这些是我的书。
Estos son mis libros.
これらは私の本です。
이것들은 제 책입니다.
I like these ones.
I like these ones. 我喜欢这些。
Me gustan estos.
私はこちらのほうが好きです。
저는 이것들이 좋습니다.
That book.
That book. 那本书。
Ese libro.
あの本。
저 책.

✗ 間違った言い方

This are my books. (use these)
This are my books.（用these）
This are my books. (se usa these)
This are my books.（theseを使う）
This are my books. (these를 사용)
I like this ones. (use these)
I like this ones.（用these）
I like this ones. (se usa these)
I like this ones.（theseを使う）
I like this ones. (these를 사용)
That there book. (redundant)
That there book.（冗余）
That there book. (redundante)
That there book.（冗長）
That there book. (중복 표현)

起源と歴史

Demonstrative pronouns from Old English

文化的背景

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

このトピックの他の表現

a / an ★★★★★ Introduces singular countable nouns that are not specific the ★★★★★ Refers to specific nouns already known to speaker and lis... Countable vs Uncountable Nouns ★★★★★ Nouns that can or cannot be counted Possessive Pronouns ★★★★★ mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs much / many / a lot of ★★★★★ Quantifiers for large amounts Articles with Places ★★★★★ When to use articles with locations and buildings