How do you use "must / have to" in a sentence?

You must be quiet in the library.' (strong obligation) I have to work tomorrow.' (external requirement) You mustn't tell anyone.' (prohibition) You don't have to wait.' (not necessary)

must / have to

Q: What does "must / have to" mean?

Expresses obligation or necessity 'Must' expresses strong personal obligation or certainty from the speaker. 'Have to' expresses external obligation (rules, laws, requirements). In the negative, they differ greatly: 'mustn't' = prohibition, 'don't have to' = no obligation (optional).

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★★ Very Common Neutral

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意味: Expresses obligation or necessity

表示义务或必要性

Expresa obligación o necesidad

義務や必要性を表す

의무나 필요성을 표현한다

'Must' expresses strong personal obligation or certainty from the speaker. 'Have to' expresses external obligation (rules, laws, requirements). In the negative, they differ greatly: 'mustn't' = prohibition, 'don't have to' = no obligation (optional).

'Must'表示说话人强烈的个人义务或确定性。'Have to'表示外部义务（规则、法律、要求）。在否定形式中，它们差异很大：'mustn't'=禁止，'don't have to'=没有义务（可选择的）。

'Must' expresa una obligación personal fuerte o certeza del hablante. 'Have to' expresa una obligación externa (reglas, leyes, requisitos). En negativo difieren mucho: 'mustn't' = prohibición, 'don't have to' = sin obligación (opcional).

「Must」は話し手からの強い個人的義務や確信を表します。「Have to」は外部の義務（規則、法律、要件）を表します。否定形では大きく異なります：「mustn't」=禁止、「don't have to」=義務なし（任意）。

'must'는 화자의 강한 개인적 의무나 확신을 나타냅니다. 'have to'는 외부적 의무(규칙, 법률, 요건)를 나타냅니다. 부정형에서는 큰 차이가 있습니다: 'mustn't' = 금지, 'don't have to' = 의무 없음(선택 사항).

例文

You must be quiet in the library.' (strong obligation)
在图书馆里你必须安静。'（强烈义务）
Debes estar en silencio en la biblioteca.' (obligación fuerte)
図書館では静かにしなければなりません。'（強い義務）
도서관에서는 조용히 해야 합니다.' (강한 의무)
I have to work tomorrow.' (external requirement)
我明天必须工作。'（外部要求）
Tengo que trabajar mañana.' (requisito externo)
明日は仕事をしなければなりません。'（外部要件）
내일 일해야 합니다.' (외부 요건)
You mustn't tell anyone.' (prohibition)
你不能告诉任何人。'（禁止）
No debes decírselo a nadie.' (prohibición)
誰にも言ってはいけません。'（禁止）
아무에게도 말하면 안 됩니다.' (금지)
You don't have to wait.' (not necessary)
你不必等。'（不需要）
No tienes que esperar.' (no necesario)
待つ必要はありません。'（不要）
기다릴 필요 없어요.' (불필요)

発音

使い方ガイド

場面: spoken, written, everyday

トーン: obligatory

✓ 正しい言い方

I must remember to call her.
我必须记得给她打电话。
Debo acordarme de llamarla.
彼女に電話することを忘れないようにしなければ。
그녀에게 전화하는 걸 잊지 않아야 해요.
You have to wear a seatbelt.
你必须系安全带。
Tienes que ponerte el cinturón.
シートベルトを着用しなければなりません。
안전벨트를 매야 합니다.
You mustn't smoke here.
你不能在这里吸烟。
No debes fumar aquí.
ここで喫煙してはいけません。
여기서 흡연하면 안 됩니다.
You don't have to pay now.
你不必现在付款。
No tienes que pagar ahora.
今払う必要はありません。
지금 돈을 낼 필요 없습니다.
I must go.
我必须走了。
Tengo que irme.
私は行かなければなりません。
나는 가야 합니다.
I don't have to go.
我不一定要去。
No tengo que ir.
私は行かなくてもいいです。
나는 갈 필요 없습니다.
You mustn't do it.
你绝对不能做这件事。
No debes hacerlo.
それをしてはいけません。
그것을 하면 안 됩니다.

✗ 間違った言い方

I must to go. (no 'to' after must)
I must to go.（must后不加'to'）
I must to go. (no se pone 'to' después de must)
I must to go.（mustの後に「to」は不要）
I must to go. (must 뒤에 'to' 불필요)
I don't must go. (use 'don't have to')
I don't must go.（应使用'don't have to'）
I don't must go. (se usa 'don't have to')
I don't must go.（「don't have to」を使う）
I don't must go. ('don't have to'를 사용)
You mustn't to do it. (no 'to' needed)
You mustn't to do it.（不需要'to'）
You mustn't to do it. (no se necesita 'to')
You mustn't to do it.（「to」は不要）
You mustn't to do it. ('to' 불필요)

起源と歴史

Core modal verbs for expressing obligation

文化的背景

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

このトピックの他の表現

can / can't ★★★★★ Expresses ability, possibility, or permission could (past ability) ★★★★★ Expresses past ability or past possibility will (future) ★★★★★ Expresses future actions, promises, and spontaneous decis... going to (future) ★★★★★ Expresses planned future actions and predictions based on... Let's (suggestions) ★★★★★ Making suggestions that include yourself should / shouldn't (Basic Advice) ★★★★★ Giving simple advice or opinions