Reduced Relatives (Present Participle)
Grammar Pattern
BritishAmericanAustralian
★★★★☆ Common
Neutral
意味: Shortening relative clauses with -ing
用-ing形式简化关系从句
Acortar cláusulas relativas con -ing
-ing形で関係節を短縮する
-ing형으로 관계절 축소하기
Active relative clauses can be reduced: 'the man who is standing' → 'the man standing.' 'Anyone who wishes to apply' → 'Anyone wishing to apply.' This creates more concise, formal prose.
主动关系从句可以缩短:'the man who is standing' → 'the man standing'(站着的那个人)。'Anyone who wishes to apply' → 'Anyone wishing to apply'(想申请的人)。这样可以创造更简洁、正式的文体。
Las cláusulas relativas activas se pueden reducir: 'the man who is standing' → 'the man standing.' 'Anyone who wishes to apply' → 'Anyone wishing to apply.' Esto crea prosa más concisa y formal.
能動態の関係節は短縮できます:「the man who is standing」→「the man standing」「Anyone who wishes to apply」→「Anyone wishing to apply」より簡潔でフォーマルな文体になります。
능동 관계절은 축소할 수 있습니다: 'the man who is standing' → 'the man standing.' 'Anyone who wishes to apply' → 'Anyone wishing to apply.' 더 간결하고 격식 있는 문체를 만듭니다.
例文
- People living in cities...' (= who live) 住在城市里的人……'(= 住在城市的)Las personas que viven en ciudades...' (= que viven)都市に住んでいる人々……'(= 住む)도시에 사는 사람들은……' (= who live)
- Anyone wanting more information...' (= who wants) 想要更多信息的人……'(= 想要的)Cualquiera que desee más información...' (= que desea)もっと情報が欲しい人は……'(= 欲しい)더 많은 정보를 원하는 사람은……' (= who wants)
- The person leading the team...' (= who leads) 领导团队的人……'(= 领导的)La persona que lidera el equipo...' (= que lidera)チームを率いる人……'(= 率いる)팀을 이끄는 사람은……' (= who leads)
- Students studying abroad...' (= who study) 在国外学习的学生……'(= 学习的)Estudiantes que estudian en el extranjero...' (= que estudian)海外で勉強している学生……'(= 勉強している)해외에서 공부하는 학생들은……' (= who study)
発音
使い方ガイド
場面: written, formal, news
トーン: concise
✓ 正しい言い方
- The woman sitting by the window is my aunt.坐在窗边的那位女士是我阿姨。La mujer sentada junto a la ventana es mi tía.窓際に座っている女性は私の叔母です。창가에 앉아 있는 여성은 내 이모이다.
- Anyone needing assistance should ask.需要帮助的人都可以问。Cualquiera que necesite ayuda debe preguntar.援助が必要な方は尋ねてください。도움이 필요한 분은 문의해 주세요.
- Passengers traveling first class board first.头等舱乘客先登机。Los pasajeros que viajan en primera clase abordan primero.ファーストクラスの乗客が先に搭乗します。일등석 승객이 먼저 탑승합니다.
- The man standing there.站在那里的那个人。El hombre que está parado ahí.そこに立っている男性。거기 서 있는 남자.
✗ 間違った言い方
- The man being stand there. (just use 'standing')The man being stand there.(直接用'standing')The man being stand there. (simplemente usar 'standing')The man being stand there.(単に「standing」を使う)The man being stand there. (그냥 'standing'을 사용해야 함)
起源と歴史
Participial reduction
文化的背景
Era: Modern
Generation: All ages
Social background: Universal
このトピックの他の表現
Reduced Relative Clauses
★★★★☆
Shortening relative clauses by removing relative pronoun ...
Sentential Relative Clauses
★★★★☆
Relative clauses referring to entire sentences
Nominal Relative Clauses
★★★★☆
Relative clauses that function as nouns
Reduced Relatives (Past Participle)
★★★★☆
Shortening passive relative clauses
Avoiding dangling participles
★★★★☆
Ensuring participle clauses have correct subjects
whom in Formal Contexts
★★★☆☆
Correct use of whom in relative and interrogative clauses
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