End-focus and end-weight

Grammar Pattern BritishAmericanAustralian ★★★★☆ Common Neutral
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意味: Placing important/heavy information at the end

将重要/长的信息放在句末
Colocar información importante/pesada al final
重要な/重い情報を文末に置く
중요하거나 무거운 정보를 문미에 배치하는 것

English prefers putting new/important information at the end (end-focus) and long phrases at the end (end-weight): 'I gave the keys to Mary' vs 'I gave Mary the keys to my house that I bought last year.'

英语倾向于将新/重要信息放在句末（尾焦点）和将长短语放在句末（尾重）：'I gave the keys to Mary'与'I gave Mary the keys to my house that I bought last year.'
El inglés prefiere poner información nueva/importante al final (énfasis final) y frases largas al final (peso final): 'I gave the keys to Mary' vs 'I gave Mary the keys to my house that I bought last year.'
英語は新しい/重要な情報を文末に置くこと（末尾焦点）と長いフレーズを文末に置くこと（末尾重心）を好みます：「I gave the keys to Mary」vs「I gave Mary the keys to my house that I bought last year.」
영어는 새로운/중요한 정보를 문미에 두는 것(문미 초점)과 긴 구를 문미에 두는 것(문미 무게)을 선호합니다: 'I gave the keys to Mary' vs 'I gave Mary the keys to my house that I bought last year.'

例文

  1. I gave the report to the manager.' (end-focus on 'manager')
    我把报告交给了经理。'（尾焦点在'经理'）
    Le di el informe al gerente.' (énfasis final en 'gerente')
    報告書をマネージャーに渡した。'（末尾焦点は「マネージャー」）
    보고서를 매니저에게 전달했다. (문미 초점: '매니저')
  2. I gave the manager the detailed report that I'd been working on.' (end-weight)
    我把我一直在写的那份详细报告交给了经理。'（尾重）
    Le di al gerente el informe detallado en el que había estado trabajando.' (peso final)
    ずっと取り組んでいた詳細な報告書をマネージャーに渡した。'（末尾重心）
    계속 작업해 온 상세 보고서를 매니저에게 전달했다. (문미 무게)
  3. What surprised me was his complete lack of interest.
    让我惊讶的是他完全不感兴趣。
    Lo que me sorprendió fue su completa falta de interés.
    驚いたのは彼の完全な無関心だった。
    놀라웠던 것은 그의 완전한 무관심이었다.
  4. There has been a significant increase in sales.
    销售额大幅增长。
    Ha habido un aumento significativo en las ventas.
    売上が大幅に増加した。
    매출이 크게 증가했다.

発音

使い方ガイド

場面: spoken, written, general

トーン: natural

✓ 正しい言い方

  • Put long phrases at the end.
    把长短语放在句末。
    Pon las frases largas al final.
    長いフレーズは文末に置く。
    긴 구는 문미에 배치하세요.
  • Put new information at the end.
    把新信息放在句末。
    Pon la información nueva al final.
    新しい情報は文末に置く。
    새로운 정보는 문미에 배치하세요.
  • It was John who broke the window. (focus on John)
    打破窗户的是约翰。（焦点在约翰）
    Fue John quien rompió la ventana. (énfasis en John)
    窓を壊したのはジョンだった。（ジョンに焦点）
    창문을 깬 것은 존이었다. (존에 초점)
  • It surprised me that she had decided to leave without telling anyone.
    令我惊讶的是，她决定不告诉任何人就离开了。
    Me sorprendió que ella hubiera decidido irse sin decirle a nadie.
    誰にも言わずに彼女が去ることにしたと聞いて驚きました。
    그녀가 아무에게도 말하지 않고 떠나기로 결심했다는 것이 놀라웠습니다.

✗ 間違った言い方

  • The fact that she had decided to leave without telling anyone surprised me. (reposition long subject)
    The fact that she had decided to leave without telling anyone surprised me.（需要调整长主语的位置）
    The fact that she had decided to leave without telling anyone surprised me. (recolocar el sujeto largo)
    The fact that she had decided to leave without telling anyone surprised me.（長い主語を再配置する）
    The fact that she had decided to leave without telling anyone surprised me. (긴 주어의 위치를 재배치해야 함)

起源と歴史

Information structure principle

文化的背景

Era: Modern

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal

このトピックの他の表現

Sluicing (ellipsis after wh-word) ★★★★★ Omitting everything after a question word so...that / such...that (result clauses) ★★★★★ Expressing degree with a result Extraposition ★★★★☆ Moving clause subjects to the end using 'it' Ellipsis ★★★★☆ Leaving out words that can be understood from context Pseudo-Cleft Sentences ★★★★☆ What/All/The thing...is constructions for emphasis Substitution with so/not/do ★★★★☆ Avoiding repetition by substituting or omitting
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