Modals

Should, ought to, had better for advice and criticism

はじめに

英語にはアドバイスを伝える方法がたくさんあります。やさしい提案から強い警告まで、どの法助動詞をいつ使うかを知ることが、適切なコミュニケーションの鍵です。

「should」は汎用性が高くてよく使われます。「ought to」はもう少しフォーマルで道徳的な響き。「had better」はアドバイスに従わないと困ったことになるぞ、という暗黙の脅しが入っています。

日本語では「〜した方がいい」「〜すべき」で済むことが多いですが、英語ではこの微妙なニュアンスの使い分けが大切。カジュアルな会話からビジネスまで、場面に合ったアドバイスの仕方をマスターしましょう。

テーマ

この章の英文法一覧（16）

• should / ought to Giving advice and expressing what is right
• had better Strong advice with implied negative consequences
• must vs have to Two ways to express obligation with different nuances
• could (suggestions) Making polite suggestions and possibilities
• might (possibility) Expressing uncertain possibility
• be supposed to Expected or scheduled to do something
• could (Past Ability) Describing abilities in the past
• may / might Expressing possibility or uncertainty
• need to / needn't Expressing necessity or lack of necessity
• be able to Alternative to 'can' for ability in various tenses
• be allowed to Alternative to 'can' for permission in various tenses
• prefer / would rather Expressing preferences
• likely / unlikely / bound to Expressing probability
• manage to / succeed in Expressing achievement with difficulty
• need / needn't Necessity and lack of necessity
• dare Having courage to do something