Connectors

Although, despite, however for contrast

はじめに

対比を表す表現は、バランスの取れた洗練された文章を書くのに欠かせません。ここでは、従属接続詞（although）、前置詞（despite）、接続副詞（however）の違いを学びます。

それぞれ文法が違うのがポイント。「although」は完全な節が必要、「despite」は名詞か-ingが必要、「however」は別の文をつなぐ。

日本語では「〜けれども」「〜にもかかわらず」「しかし」と使い分けますよね。英語でも同じように使い分けが必要なんです。アカデミックな文章やフォーマルなコミュニケーションには欠かせないツールですよ。

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この章の英文法一覧（20）

• although / despite / in spite of Expressing contrast and unexpected outcomes
• however / nevertheless / nonetheless Formal connectors showing contrast between sentences
• therefore / consequently / as a result Showing cause and effect relationships
• moreover / furthermore / in addition Adding information to strengthen a point
• while / whereas Contrasting two things or ideas
• so that / in order to Expressing purpose
• as / since / because Different ways to give reasons
• on the one hand / on the other hand Presenting two contrasting viewpoints
• not only...but also Adding emphasis to additional information
• therefore / thus / consequently Showing logical results (formal)
• while / whereas Contrasting two different facts
• in order to / so as to Expressing purpose (more formal than 'to')
• so that Expressing purpose with a clause
• such...that / so...that Expressing result or consequence
• moreover / furthermore / in addition Adding more important information
• on the other hand / on the one hand Presenting contrasting points
• to + verb vs for + noun/-ing Expressing purpose with different structures
• by the time Before or when something happens
• until / till Up to a certain time
• while vs whereas Contrast conjunctions